Rhizobacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of banana cultivars 'Prata Comum' and 'Prata Anã' and from crotalaria and marigold in Tryptic Soy Agar and King B-agar media. Bacteria were used for valuations of the in vitro and in vivo. The promising isolates were submitted to identification by polymerase chain reaction. Among the one hundred and fifty two evaluated, twenty three showed toxicity to R. similis after twenty-four and thirty six hours. Five presented deleterious effect on the population of R. similis in the soil under in vivo conditions. Of the ten submitted to identification, three corresponded to the Bacillus genus and two to the Pseudomonas genus. The bacteria evaluated have antagonistic potential against R. similis.