Local anaesthetics agents (LAA) are used ubiquitously in the medical field and in a wide variety of ways: tissue infiltration, perineural, intra-articular and intravenous. The purpose of this review is to explore the pharmacology of LAAs and to examine the clinical applications for LAAs.

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Medical education in South Africa is experiencing two major disruptions: the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the COVID-19 pandemic. I will explore the effects these events have had on our education and possible solutions in the context of our country.