Use of CVVH in ECMO was associated with improved fluid balance and caloric intake and less diuretics than in case-matched ECMO controls.

Caregiver burden can be alleviated by a sense of reciprocity or balance in the give-and-take between a caregiver and carereceiver (Dwyer & Miller, 1990). This study investigated whether self-esteem and intrinsic motivation influence the relationship between reciprocity and caregiver burden. Primary caregivers (N = 56) of a patient with a disability, illness or frailty due to aging were recruited via carer organisations. Participants completed the Caregiver Burden Inventory (Novak & Guest, 1989a), the Caregiver Reciprocity Scale (Carruth, 1996) and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965). Reciprocity decreased caregiver burden directly, although self-esteem did partially mediate the relationship between reciprocal warmth and emotional burden. Contrary to predictions, self-esteem and intrinsic motivation enhanced rather than diminished the impact of reciprocity on burden. Intervention strategies aimed at fostering reciprocity are suggested.

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Measures of multifactor productivity growth in natural resource industries are misleading without accounting for the effects on the environment. This paper introduces environmental effects into an output-oriented Malmquist index of multifactor productivity growth in order to evaluate growth in productivity and technical efficiency for Korean purse seine vessels fishing for tuna in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean.productivity, technical change, environment, natural resources, Malmquist index, Pacific tuna fisheries, Korea,

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