It is well-known that increased thyroid hormone (TH) levels induce cardiomyocyte growth. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as key players in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, which is associated with increased risk of heart failure. In this study, we evaluated the miR-1 expression in TH-induced cardiac hypertrophy, as well as the potential involvement of miR-1 in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy elicited by TH in vitro. The possible role of type 1 angiotensin II receptor (AT1R) in the effect promoted by TH in miR-1 expression was also evaluated. Neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NRCMs) were treated with T for 24 hr and Wistar rats were subjected to hyperthyroidism for 14 days combined or not with AT1R blocker. Real Time RT-PCR analysis indicated that miR-1 expression was decreased in cardiac hypertrophy in response to TH in vitro and in vivo, and this effect was unchanged by AT1R blocker. In addition, HDAC4, which is target of miR-1, was increased in NRCMs after T treatment. A gain-of-function study revealed that overexpression of miR-1 prevented T -induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and reduced HADC4 mRNA levels in NRCMs. In vivo experiments confirmed the downregulation of miR-1 in cardiac tissue from hyperthyroid animals, which was accompanied by increased HDAC4 mRNA levels. In addition, HDAC inhibitor prevented T -induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Our data reveal a new mechanistic insight into cardiomyocyte growth in response to TH, suggesting that miR-1 plays a role in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by TH potentially via targeting HADC4.

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Suicide is an ongoing public health crisis among young people in the United States. Suicide rates in rural areas are often more than double rates in urban locales. Few reviews have examined the contextual place-based social, environmental, or economic factors that contribute to differences in mental health risks for young people. This scoping review aims to map the state of the evidence on socioenvironmental factors driving suicide risks in adolescents with a particular focus on rural America. A literature database search using PRISM guidelines identified 143 research studies meeting inclusion and review criteria. Descriptive and thematic analyses were conducted and presented in a narrative form for the following topics: (a) Adolescent suicide and vulnerable populations, (b) Mental health conditions in the pathway of suicide, (c) Rural versus urban, (d) Social determinants of mental health and access, and (e) Impact of physical environment on adolescent mental health. Findings highlight that hopelessness, particularly in minority populations, inadequate family and peer support, unaddressed traumatic experiences, and underdiagnosis and treatment for mood disorders or substance abuse, are essential contributory factors to rural adolescent suicide. Nearly all of the evidence focused on individual rather than community-level factors like school bullying and low screening. Improvements in school-based detection of mental disorders, particularly around critical transition periods, and more longitudinal research investigating causal links, rural populations, and the contextual socioenvironmental determinants of adolescent suicide are needed, emphasizing distinct challenges for rural areas in response to the pandemic.

To the best of our knowledge, only two patients with concurrent diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have been reported so far. Here we present 3 patients in whom clinical and radiological findings indicative of DISH and AS coexisted. Two of these cases exhibited HLA B27. Although the presence of sacroiliitis would appear to exclude DISH, calcification and ossification of the anterior common vertebral ligament (ACVL) confirmed diagnosis of the latter disease.