Utilization of waste materials and industrial by-products is a sustainable solution to environmental and ecological problems. Use of such materials makes their reutilization in cement, concrete and other construction materials, and also reduces the cost of cement and concrete manufacturing. Other indirect benefits include reduction in landfill cost, energy saving and reduction in solid waste. Electronic waste (e-waste) consists of discarded refrigerators, radios, TVs, Air conditioners, Mobile phones, computers and several other electronic gadgets that have reached their end of life or become obsolete. Efforts are being made in the construction industry to use nonbiodegradable components of e-waste as a partial replacement of the coarse or fine aggregates in concrete. This study focuses on the utilization of e-waste plastic particles in concrete and tests the feasibility of utilizing shredded e-plastic particles as partial replacement of coarse aggregate. It was observed that when e-plastic alone was used, there was a decrease in strength but when 10% fly ash was added results comparable to control specimen were obtained. It is thereby suggested that utilization of this e-waste in concrete will reduce the requirement for conventional coarse aggregates thereby resulting in conservation of natural resources.

The Construction Industry is one of the industries contributing highest GDP in Indian economy. The material that is most chosen in construction Industry is concrete. Concrete is a material made with Cement, Fine aggregate in the form of sand, Coarse aggregate in the form of gravel and water. With increasing scarcity of sand, construction works are coming to jolt and thereby increasing the need for choosing an alternative material. Vermiculite is a material which after exfoliation can be used as a filler material replacing sand partially without affecting strength much. One more material Granite (by product which is a waste is causing lot of environmental Issues), produced from granite industry, is available in India in several million tons. Coarse aggregate generally used is a crushed aggregate obtained from rocks like granite, basalt and soon. Recycled aggregate is an aggregate which is obtained after demolishing of an existing building, which is a waste causing economical in balance and which if put into use can not only decrease the construction cost but also make this waste into a better use. In the present study, for a M35 grade of concrete, Vermiculite (0, 5%, 10% and 15% of weight of sand) and granite powder (fixed at 10% of weight of sand used) is used to replace sand partially and in the place of normal coarse aggregate, recycled aggregate is used which is 20 mm passing and 12 mm retained After preparation of Mix-Design(1:1.83:2.69 with w/c ratio of 0.38) the concrete cubes are casted to test for compressive strength after curing for 28 days, 56 days and 90 days. Forsec brand super plasticizer is used to take care of workability requirements. Durability test in the form of resistance to attack of sulphuric acid was conducted along with compressive strength. The test results were promising at 10% replacement levels of Vermiculite.

In the construction industry lot of natural sand is being used in the preparation of concrete. Levels of natural sand are depleting day by day. The cost of natural sand is also increasing every day. Therefore, there is a need for alternative materials to natural sand. In this study, exfoliated vermiculite is replacing natural sand partially. Vermiculite at 5%, 10%, and 15% is used for replacement. The concrete cubes are cast for M 30 grade to determine the optimal percentage of replacement of natural sand by vermiculite. In this study, coarse aggregate used includes both normal aggregate and recycled aggregate. The water-cement ratio of 0.45 is adopted. The durability tests conducted include the sulfate resistance Test and the chloride resistance test. The cost analysis was also done and results are presented. The test results are promising when vermiculite was used to replace natural sand at 10%.

Concrete is extensively used as a building material due to its low cost and versatility. We are expecting better results in the current construction scenario in a short time and to finish the work fast. So instead of using ordinary Portland cement here we use specially graded cement OPC 53-S cement which not only gives early age strength but also resists durability in addition to controlling the pollution emitted by cement manufacturing, we use GGBS as cementitious material which is a waste product from steel and iron manufacturing. Since GGBS setting time is slow, the OPC 53-S cement is used to compensate it. This project aims to know the mechanical properties such as compressive strength, size effect, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength and durability properties of concrete such as Sorpitivity, water absorption and carbonation by replacing GGBS in cement at different percentage (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%) levels by testing at different (3,7,14,28,56 and 90 days) age of concrete. And to know the micro structural and crystalline properties of (7 and 28 days) age of concrete by means of X-ray diffraction test.