The aim of this paper is to analyse the chemical compositional and nutritional profiles of a two number of white lupine cultivars (Lupinus albus, cultivars Amiga and Energy) suited to the pedoclimatic conditions in Romania, collected in the year 2015. No significant differences were observed among lupine cultivars in their dry matter (DM), crude ash or alkaloid contents. The highest protein content (36.4�1.1% of DM) and crude fat (10.1�1.2% of DM) was found in seeds from lupines belonging to cv. Amiga, while the highest crude fibre content (15.2�1.7% of DM) was found in cv. Energy. Both varieties examined were characterised by a shortage of methionine and lysine, but lysine deficiency was higher in cv. Energy. Amiga cultivar was found to be a nutritionally more valuable crop than cv. Energy by the standards of nutrition for mature human and animals (chicken broilers and growing pigs). Amiga lupine was characterised by a higher essential amino acid index (EAAI) as well as chemical score (CS) of lysine, and the high nutritional index (NI) and biological value (BV) of protein as compared to cv. Energy. The white lupine seeds examined can serve as a source of good quality food protein for adult humans, meet the requirement for exogenous amino acids (EAA) and Lys in chicken broilers and to a lesser degree in the case of growing pigs, according to the standards of nutrition used. Fatty acid (FA) composition showed that oleic acid (C18:1 n-9) was the major fatty acid, followed by linoleic (C18:2 n-6) and linolenic (C18:3 n-3) acids. Apart from the highest level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) the seed oil of Amiga cultivar showed and the largest content of linolenic acid (n-3) and the most favourable report n-3/n-6 FA.
This research was conducted to study fatty acids composition, especially content of n-3 FA; c9,t11-CLA (rumenic acid) and t11-C18:1 (vaccenic acid) and health lipid indices of milk according to the feeding practices in sheep. The exeperimental diets consisted of: P - pasture without any diet supplementation, PC - pasture + standard concentrate (500 g/d), PCs - pasture + fat-enriched concentrate (camelina seed-based concentrate: 500 g/d). Camelina seeds (Cs - Camelina sativa L) were used to increase the beneficial FA concentration in milk fat. PC diet as compared to P diet increases daily milk yield and the content of milk fat, but it adversely affects the quality of milk fats. Fat in the milk of PC ewes had a higher content of hypercholesterolemic FA, while the polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) concentration decreased (p [ 0.001). The use Cs in the concentrate mixture (PCs diet) increased by more than double the c9,t11-CLA, C20:5n-3 (EPA), C22:6n-3 (DHA), C18:3n-3 (ALA) and t11-C18:1 (VA) (p [ 0.001) in milk fat, without any negative effects on milk yield and composition. Beneficial changes of health lipid indices milk fat (atherogenic index, thrombogenic index, n-6/n-3 FA) were detected when the diet of ewes was supplemented with fat-enriched concentrate (PCs group) because of high concentration of c9,t11-CLA, n-3 FA which has sanogenic properties. It is concluded that, when pasture quality and availability do not limit dairy production, supplementation of grazing ewes with concentrate mixture is not recommended, because compromised the milk FA profile. The using camelina seeds in strategies for supplementing the diet of ewes on pastures is a good choice both for the daily milk yield and even more so for the sanogenetic quality of milk fats.
During the growth of silkworm larvae study, also was done a research which aimed to determine the chemical composition and the digestibility of mulberry leaves from a Romanian variety, Eforie. The results showed that advancing in the vegetation stage at the same time with different periods of the silkworm larvae�s growth, the mulberry leaves experience an aging process being noticed through its quality decreasing from chemical composition point of view. So, for example, the CP which was in average 20.98�0.670% (from DM), decreased during the study with 3.11%; while the CF had an average of 17.91�0.434%, (from DM) increased with 2.29%. Accordingly, with this, the majority of nutrients from mulberry leaves, excepting cellulose, had an increasing of digestibility with 33.94%. It was noticed a continuous digestibility decreasing during the growth period for the CP with 22.79% and with 33.53% for NFE. The nutrients digestibility from the leaves registered a value of 59.20%.
Enhancing healthy fatty acids (FA) in lamb tissues is a important research issue in meat science. The present study examined the effects of feeding-protected lipid supplements rich in linoleic acid or linolenic acid on the lipid composition of muscle and adipose tissues of lambs. Thirty, 10-week-old Tsigai breed ram lambs were assigned to one of three experimental diets (forage/concentrate ratio 40:60): no oil Ca soap (C-Control), with 4% sunflower oil Ca soap (SO-high in 18:2n-6), with 4% camelina oil Ca soap (CO-high in 18:3n-3). The diet high in a-linolenic acid (CO diet) produced the highest levels of n-3 FAs: 18:3n-3 (ALA), 20:5n-3 (EPA) and 22:6n-3 (DHA) intramuscular fat. In addition, the animals fed with the diet CO have intramuscular fat the lowest n-6/n-3 ratio, atherogenic (AI) and thrombogenic index (TI). In the intramuscular fat of the animals fed with the diet high in linoleic acid (SO diet), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers and trans 18:1 reached their highest concentrations. The results of this study indicated that linoleic acid was more effective in enhancing contents of CLA in muscle and adipose tissue than linolenic acid, which contributes to the enrichment of n-3 FA lamb meat. Feeding camelina oil Ca soap has been shown to be the most effective dietary management to improve health lipid indices (n-6/n-3 ratio, AI, TI) in lambs� meat.
This study was carried out to identify the most recent practices in the audit of the sustainability reports of the companies from the chemical industry, whether they are integrated or not. For this purpose, we analyzed the annual/sustainability reports list available on the GRI website under the name GRI Sustainability Disclosure Database. As the results of the study, we argue that, due to environmental and social hazards associated with chemical industries, a duty to report on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and to audit these reports according to specified standards would need to be introduced.
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