No abstract

This paper presents a novel voltage gain enhanced KY step up converter with soft switching. A KY converter is a voltage step up converter which always operates in continuous conduction mode. To further improve the voltage gain a coupled inductor can be employed. Soft switching is applied for reducing the switching losses and it improves the efficiency of the converter. Simulation is done with 12V input voltage. The obtained output voltage is 72V, output current is 0.8A, and output power is 60W.

This paper presents a novel volt KY step up converter with soft switching. A voltage step up converter which always oper conduction mode. To further improve the volt inductor can be employed. Soft switching is ap the switching losses and it improves the converter. Simulation is done with 12V in obtained output voltage is 72V, output cur output power is 60W.

A study was conducted to examine the structural changes in dairy production front, inclusiveness of dairy farming in livelihood structure of farmers and to conceptualize the structural changes in organized dairy processing industry in Gujarat state. Overall milk production in Gujarat is increased by the combined effect of population (59.62 %) and yield effects (39.14 %). The income from dairy farming increased higher (1.40 times over the decade) as compared to other income activities (crop production, off-farm business, wages and salaries) and has an equalising effect on the distribution of farm income. Contribution of dairy income in farm income is higher especially in the case of marginal (37.97 %) and small (31.01 %) land owning farm households. At the same time, income of dairy farmers is higher compared to non-dairy farmers. Ex-factory value of output per organized dairy processing factory increased 4.20 times while, fixed capital investment increased 18.45 times over the period (2000-01 to 2015-16). This indicates that the excess investment in dairy industry might have happened over the period which has not perhaps resulted in increase in value of output from the industry. This trend shows that it is possible that without addition in capital investment, organized dairy industry can sustain in near future the condition is to use full capacity, this way dairy industry and farmers remain in win-win situation. The government should give more focus on promotion of dairy farming in the programmes designated for enhancing farmer's income and in reducing income inequalities.

The study aims to examine the temporal changes in economics of chickpea (gram), moong bean (green gram) and urd bean (black gram) production in western State of India i.e. Rajasthan. Study was entirely based on secondary data collected from publication of Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India, New Delhi. The structural changes in cost of cultivation were analyzed by working out the difference in cost at two points of time (i.e. 2001-02 and 2013-14), along with relative share to total cost. Study revealed that the average cost of cultivation of chickpea, moong bean and urd bean increased from Rs.9,941.66/ha, Rs.5,954.74/ha and Rs.7,849.31/ha in 2001-02 to Rs. 24,093.71/ha, Rs.17,793.53/ha and Rs. 21,346.36/ha in 2013-14.The net income over total cost was highest for chickpea which is a major pulse crop of Rajasthan. During 2001-02, both moong bean and urd bean remained unprofitable over total cost. During 2013-14, chickpea and moong bean became profitable over total cost. The level of profit was highest for chickpea followed by moong bean. Urd bean still remained unprofitable over total cost.