Nurses are a vital personality in health care setting. Nurses as interdisciplinary team member interacts with patients, families, communities, and the society they practice in. The main objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of social skill training among first year baccalaureate nursing students. The participants were first year nursing students (N =50). Pre experimental, one group pre test post test design was used for the study. Social skill checklist was administered. Social skill training (SST) was given for about 8 sessions for 6 weeks. The results revealed SST has significantly influenced the social skills of the nursing students. The major findings of the study revealed that the overall mean improvement in level of social skills. Pretest the overall mean value of level of social skill was 6.58, in posttest the overall mean value level of social skill was 17.9.

Background: Labour is the most poignant and fruitful moment in a woman's life. World Health Organization has emphasized on the necessity of incorporating complementary therapies by health professionals. International Confederation of Midwives has recommended labour support and integration of non-pharmacological measures for the effective management of women in labour. Objective: To compare of the effect of control, presence of a skilled birth attendant and reflexotherapy on labour outcomes among primi gravid women in terms of pain, duration of labour and birth satisfaction. Materials and methods: A true experimental design with systematic random sampling method was employed for the study. Forty five primigravid women in labour, 15 in each group, between 37 to 40 w of gestation were included in the study after obtaining voluntary informed consent. The control group was given routine care in the labour room. Instructional, emotional and physical support with continuous presence from 3-4 cm of cervical dilatation till the end of third stage was ensured to the skilled birth attendant group. Application of reflexotherapy for 45 min from 3-4 cm of cervical dilatation was given to the reflexotherapy group. The tools used were numerical pain scale, behaviour response to pain assessment scale, partograph and birth satisfaction scale. Results: Kruskal wallies one way ANOVA on ranks showed significant difference (P ≤ 0.001) between the three groups in pain for all the three stages of observation using the numerical pain scale and significant difference (P ≤ 0.05), between the three groups, in the postural response to pain in all the three stages of observation and for the facial, verbal and motor response to pain at 5-6 and 7-8 cm of cervical dilation. Kruskal wallies one way ANOVA on ranks showed no significant difference between the control, skilled birth attendant and reflexotherapy groups on duration of labour among the three groups and there was significant difference (P ≤ 0.007) in the post-delivery assessment of birth satisfaction. Conclusion: These findings construe that reflexotherapy and skilled birth attendant are effective for positive labour outcomes in terms of pain and quality of birth experience.

Background: Nonpharmacological interventions are gaining momentum in managing women in labor. Hence, dissemination of data on current evidence is mandatory, to persuade the professional midwives to equip themselves with complementary therapies to enhance the efficacy of their interventions in labor. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to provide evidence for the effectiveness of reflexotherapy (RT) in comparison with skilled birth attendant (SKB) on labor outcomes among primigravid women regarding psychophysiological variables. Materials and Methods: A true experimental design with simple random sampling method was employed for the study. Forty-five gravid women, 15 in each group, between 37 and 40 weeks of gestation were included in the study after voluntary informed consent. The control group (CO) was given a routine care in the labor room, application of RT 45 min at 3-4 cm of cervical dilatation was given to the RT group. Instructional, emotional, and physical support with continuous presence from 3 to 4 cm of cervical dilatation until the end of the third stage was ensured to the SKB. The tools used were anxiety in labor assessment scale (modified Dass21) stress in labor assessment scale (modified Dass21) and physiological parameters monitoring chart. Results: The Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA on Ranks showed a significant difference between the control, SKB, and RT groups in the postdelivery assessment of labor anxiety (P ≤ 0.001) and labor stress (P ≤ 0.001). One-way ANOVA showed no significant difference between the control, SKB and RT group in both diastolic and systolic blood pressures, temperature and fetal heart rate, while there was significant difference at 30 minutes (P = 0.004) after the intervention and at 7-8 (P = 0.029) centimeters of cervical dilation in the pulse rate. Kruskal wallies One-way ANOVA on Ranks showed no significant difference in the Apgar score. Conclusion: RT and the presence of a SKB are effective in reducing labor anxiety and labor stress, whereas it has no effect on the physiological parameters in labor except the pulse rate.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal imbalance disorder, occurring commonly in women of reproductive age, which leads to infertility. Around 12-18% of women of reproductive age are affected by PCOS and up to 21% of women are at high risk. Although, the origin of PCOS is unknown and can’t be pinpointed; its onset is indisputably associated with several factors including genetics, lifestyles, hormonal, etc. Changes during the adolescent period have important indications to understand the health risks associated with this syndrome. Women with PCOS usually suffer from chronic anovulation and hyper-androgenism, which are the main noticeable indicators associated with PCOS and it results in pregnancy problems. Therefore, PCOS poses a great deal to women in their reproductive stage, which demands deep understanding and proper strategies that can be implemented to women with PCOS, to nurse the body back to fertility. PCOS being a syndrome comprising many symptoms, its treatment and management is mainly based on dealing the associated symptoms individually. In this review article, important causing factors, diagnostic criteria, and pathophysiology of PCOS along with important findings from recent studies are being discussed and highlighted.

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