This paper reports the findings of a study which examines changes in a group of Bachelor of Science (BSc) nursing students' perceptions, knowledge of and attitudes towards human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), accruing from attempts at a systematized education for the cohort. Based upon a 3-month study of 141 registered nurses enrolled in a BSc nursing programme at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, it investigates alterations in knowledge and attitudes resulting from intense instruction on HIV/AIDS, AIDS patient care, and compliance with universal precautions. With regard to knowledge enhancement and attitudinal transformation, the research reveals that a number of positive changes occurred over the period of the study. Not only were the nurses better informed about AIDS than previously, but their attitudes towards the disease and patient care had become considerably more liberal, as well as their disposition to comply with universal precautions. The conclusion emphasizes that it is very important for education about HIV/AIDS to be incorporated within current undergraduate and in-service training programmes for Nigerian nurses.

Background Healthcare workers are a burnout-prone occupational group and the prevalence is particularly high among physicians. With the prevailing low physician-patient ratio in Nigeria which has worsened with the recent wave of physician emigration, among other socio-economic constraints; a setting for high physician burnout may have been nurtured. Our survey set out to determine the prevalence of burnout among physicians practicing in Nigeria, ascertain the factors that were associated with the development of burnout and evaluate the respondents’ perceived impact of physician burnout on patient safety. Methods We used the Oldenburg burnout inventory as the measurement tool for burnout in the cross-sectional study conducted between November and December, 2019 among physicians in five tertiary health institutions in Nigeria. A 5- point Likert-type scale was used to evaluate the participants rating of their perceived impact of physician burnout on patient safety. Data entry and analysis were done using IBM Statistical package for social sciences software version 25 and the level of statistical significance was determined by a p value < 0.05. Results The response rate was 61% (535/871), and burnout prevalence was 75.5% (404/535). Majority of the physicians (74.6%) perceive that physician burnout could impact patient safety. Physicians’ professional grade, age and years in practice, but not specialty, gender or marital status were associated with the exhaustion domain, whereas only the physicians’ age was associated with the disengagement domain of burnout. No socio-demographic or work-related characteristics determined overall burnout in our respondents. Conclusion Physician burnout in Nigeria is high and pervasive, and this should alert physicians to be wary of their general and mental health status. Public health policy should address this development which has implications for patient safety, physician safety and healthcare system performance.

occasional clients/repeat partner/regular partner) and HIV/STI prevalence. Results The sample includes 1432 MSM-T of which 56% belonged to the baseline while remaining to the follow-up survey. The mean age at sexual debut was lower and weekly client volume was higher among the MSM-Ts interviewed in the first round of survey which has shown a significant shift in positive direction in the second round of the survey. In context of programme exposure, higher percentage of MSM-T (about 75% vs 70%) reported project STI clinic visit, visit to DIC (68% vs 14%) than the baseline survey whereas the peer contact remained around 85% in both the rounds. The increased level of clinic/DIC visit found to be positively associated with higher proportion zero unprotected sex with commercial clients, consistent condom use with commercial clients/ repeat partner and with the regular partners in follow-up survey. The crude and adjusted OR shows a significantly less chances of HIV/STI among those who were contacted by peer (OR¼0.78, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.99) and visited to clinic (0.82, 95% CI 0.79 to 0.96) compared to their respective counterparts after adjusting the effects of other confounders in the two rounds of the survey. The prevalence was significantly lower among those MSM-T who used condom with different type of partners at different occasions. Conclusions The extent of peer-led outreach remain more or less over the period of time, however, a significant improvement in clinic/DIC visit found as the critical component in reducing the HIV/STI prevalence through increased means of condom use with different types of partners.