Fog computing extends the cloud computing paradigm to the edge of the network, thus enabling a new breed of applications and services. Defining characteristics of the Fog are 1) low latency and location awareness, 2) widespread geographical distribution, 3) mobility, 4) very large number of nodes, 5) predominant role of wireless access, 6) strong presence of streaming and real time applications, and 7) heterogeneity. In this chapter, the authors argue that the above characteristics make the Fog the appropriate platform for a number of critical internet of things (IoT) services and applications, namely connected vehicle, smart grid, smart cities, and in general, wireless sensors and actuators networks (WSANs).

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In this IoT era, we have billions of devices connected to the internet. These devices generate tons of data that has to be stored, processed, and used for making intelligent decisions. This calls for the need for a smart heterogeneous network which could handle this data and make the real-time systems work intelligently. IoT applications leads to increasing demands in high traffic volume, M2M communications, low latency, and MIMO operations. Mobile communication has evolved from 2G voice services into a complex, interconnected environment with multiple services built on a system that supports innumerable applications and provides high-speed access. Hence the sustainability of the IoT applications do rely on next generation networks. Due to the significant increase in the network components, computational complexity, and heterogeneity of resources, there arise the need for a secure architectural framework for internet of things. For this, the authors propose a secure architectural framework for IoT that provides a solution to the lightweight devices with low computational complexity.