BackgroundHistological grading typically reflects the biological behavior of solid tumors, thus providing valuable prognostic information. This is also expected in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although limited access to biopsy samples and a lack of standardization might hinder its full predictive value in this cancer.ObjectivesIn order to better understand the current practices of histological grading in HCC, we examined the latest publications addressing its impact on the outcome of patients following surgical treatment.MethodsWe searched the PubMed (MEDLINE) database under the headings “hepatocellular carcinoma,” “grade OR grading,” and “prognosis.” Qualitative and quantitative assessment of publications was performed according to the reference they used to grade their tumors (e.g., Edmondson–Steiner, World Health Organization).ResultsWe reviewed a total of 216 articles: 114 enclosed adequate information and were included herein. Among these, we found divergences and inaccuracies in the histological grade assessment of this cancer, which might have led to a non-standardized grade distribution, with further impact on data analysis. Nevertheless, in most of them, poor tumor differentiation correlated with worse prognosis, expressed by lower overall and/or disease-free survival.ConclusionWhile histological grading of HCC has an important prognostic role, there is an unsatisfactory heterogeneity on the microscopic assessment of this tumor, urging for a movement toward standardization.
El carcinoma de células escamosas (CCE) es uno de los tumores cutáneos malignos más comunes en perros; son localmente invasivos y pueden comprometer la dermis e hipodermis. Generalmente afecta animales seniles y no existe predisposición por raza. El tumor puede realizar un crecimiento productivo, friable y papilar; o puede ser erosivo con formación de lesión ulcerada. Ocurre en cualquier lugar de la piel, siendo los sitios con más frecuencia: el tronco, la pierna, el escroto, los labios y el lecho ungueal. El tratamiento por la escisión quirúrgica con margen amplia y la criocirugía pueden ser realizados y asociados al tratamiento quimioterapéutico y la radioterapia. El objetivo de este relato es describir el tratamiento eficaz en un canino mestizo, macho, con seis años de edad y 22 kg de peso vivo, con diagnóstico cito e histopatológico de carcinoma de células escamosas en el miembro pélvico, donde fueron realizadas inicialmente cuatro sesiones de criocirugía y después de la recuperación del paciente, se efectuó la quimioterapia antineoplásica por vía intravenosa por cuatro sesiones. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos y después de 30 meses de terapia se concluye que la criocirugía fue una técnica eficaz para la cura de este tipo de neoplasia...
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