We have measured angle-resolved rescattering electron momentum distributions for C 2 H 4 generated by intense infrared laser pulses and extracted large-angle elastic differential cross sections (DCSs) for electrons scattering from C 2 H 4 + . The angle-dependent ionization rate describing the initial single-ionization step favours ionization from molecules that have their molecular plane aligned perpendicular to the laser polarization direction. The extracted DCSs are well reproduced by the theoretical calculation. We demonstrate that DCSs for electron-ion scattering of the nonlinear polyatomic molecule can be extracted from the laser-induced rescattering electron spectra.

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Calf spleen extractive injection (CSEI), extracted from the spleen of healthy cows (within 24 h of birth), is a small peptides enriched extraction while the ratio between peptide and ribose is 76 AE 15.2 mg/lg. CSEI is usually used as an ancillary agent to assist cancer patients with immune dysfunction. The present study aims to evaluate the immunomodulatory activity of CSEI in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced mice model of immunosuppression and its underlying mechanisms. During the experiment, thymosin ɑ1 (0.16 mg/kg) was served as the positive control drug. In CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice, CSEI significantly increased bodyweights and spleen indexes, and upgraded the natural killer activity together with lymphocytes proliferation. CSEI regulated the production of IgG and IgA, and the levels of IL-2, 6, 10, 12 and IFN-ɑ, c and TNF-ɑ in serum of CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice. Furthermore, CSEI markedly downregulated nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-jB) expression which was controlled by IKKb. Taken together, CSEI effectively improved immune function in CTX-induced immunosuppression related to NF-jB signalling pathway via regulating the production of immunoglobulins, interleukins and some inflammatory factors.