The finite-difference time-domain method is applied\ud to the analysis of transmission lines on printed circuit boards. The\ud lossy, dispersive behavior of the dielectric substrate is accurately\ud accounted for by means of several algorithms whose accuracy is\ud discussed and compared. Numerical results are validated by comparisons\ud with measurements and an equivalent circuit of slot in the\ud ground plane is proposed

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This paper focuses on differential signal transmission above ground planes with gaps, taking into account the dielectric and conductive losses of the substrate. An equivalent lumpedcircuit is proposed and its suitability is investigated by comparing the obtained numerical results With the measured data. Furthermore the differential to common mode conversion of the waves, while crossing the gap, is theoretically analyzed and experimentally verified.

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