No abstract

A retrospective analysis of data concerned with the regulation of the transport of animals for caged animal feeding operations (feedlots) and the availability and use of antibiotics was accomplished from data available from an aggregation of domestic and global agencies. Agency data sources included are the United States Department of Agriculture‐Animal Plant Health Inspection System (USDA‐APHIS), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the United States Geological Survey (USGS), Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Customs and Border Protection‐Eagle Pass Sector (CBP), Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), Texas Water Development Board‐Laredo, Texas, (TWDB), Texas Commission on Environmental Quality‐Laredo, Texas, (TCEQ), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), European Medicines Agency (EMEA), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), Transatlantic Taskforce on Antimicrobial Resistance (TATFAR), World Health Organization (WHO), and Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO). Based on the analysis, an action plan is proposed for the Global Union for Antibiotics Research and Development[1][2][3](GUARD) to mitigate AR pandemic (ARP). The primary suggestion is the immediate establishment of a centralized database that will serve as an open‐ended system for reporting, monitoring and control, education, and information sharing in the following processes: i. Antibiotics prescription details by name of disease and dosage, ii. Amount of antibiotics produced per country and per capita, including utilization of antibiotics per country and per capita. Implementation of antibiotics time out (ATO), iii. Detection of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in soil and water, iv. Streamlining of the disposal of antibiotics by universal and global disposal standards (Best Available Techniques), v. Maintain a global monitoring system for emergence of AR pathogen induced infectious diseases on twenty‐four‐hour and seven day cycles, vi. Mandatory cyclic reporting (quarterly, semiannual, and annual) regarding morbidity and mortality rates due to AR pathogens, vii. Mandatory annual summit to address threats of emergence and spread of AR infectious diseases, viii. Generate global trust fund to create resources for mitigation of the AR, ix. Global implementation‐success rate of Antibiotics Timeout (ATO), x. Creation of a Pharmaco‐Ecotoxicology data sheet for “Bioaccumulation potential of antibiotics, its active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in the non‐target organisms (aquatic, terrestrial, avian species) and Environmental risk assessment for biological response using multi‐biomarker approach. Taken together, a collective effort addressing the aforesaid suggestions on a global scale would plausibly mitigate ARP. Data analysis and adequate literature sources will be presented at EB 2017.Support or Funding InformationProfessional development funds to Subburaj Kannan