SUMMARYBackground: Helicobacter has been identified in isolated cases of hepato-biliary diseases, but its role in the pathogenesis of these conditions remains unclear. Aim: To determine whether Helicobacter could be detected in bile obtained at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and to evaluate the prevalence of this infection in patients with hepato-biliary diseases. Methods: Bile was collected from 125 patients with various hepato-biliary diseases undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Among them, 75 were diagnosed with biliary stones, 15 with pancreatico-biliary malignancies and four with primary sclerosing cholangitis. The detection of Helicobacter in DNA extracted from these bile samples was performed

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