BNT162b2 is a messenger RNA vaccine for the prevention of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. The widespread use of this vaccination has brought along several adverse events. We present a patient with newly diagnosed ulcerative colitis after BNT162b2 vaccine.

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Objective An association of gastric cancer and precursor lesions with gastric xanthelasma has frequently been reported. However, the incidence of both gastric xanthelasma and gastric cancer precursor lesions increases with age. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency and characteristics of atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia in patients with gastric xanthelasma compared to controls. Material and methods Cases with gastric xanthelasma endoscopically and histopathologically were included in this prospective study. The patients included in the study were compared with age- and sex-matched controls in terms of the frequency and characteristics of atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and cancer. Results In a series of 1892 upper endoscopies, 108 patients (5.7%) were found to have gastric xanthelasma. The average age of the patients was 61.41 ± 11.43 years. Among the patients, 58 (53.7%) were male. The frequencies of atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and gastric cancer in the xanthelasma group (n = 108) were 31.5, 68.5, 3.7 and 2.8%, respectively. The frequencies of atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia and gastric cancer in the control group (n = 183) were 11.5, 31.7, 0.5 and 0.5%, respectively. Compared to the control group, the frequency of these cancer precursor lesions and the prevalence of advanced stage based on operative link on gastritis intestinal metaplasia assessment were found to be higher in the xanthelasma group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Gastric xanthelasma is associated with an increased frequency of gastric precancerous lesions and should be considered an important marker.

Background: Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is particularly detected in advanced liver cirrhosis patients. We aimed to analyze the risk factors for PVT in liver transplant candidates. Methods: Dataset for consecutive 165 cirrhotic patients who were evaluated for liver transplantation (LT) were retrospectively analyzed. We sorted patients into two groups: Patients with PVT and patients without PVT. Included variables were: age, sex, etiology of liver disease, BMI, MELD-Na Score, Child-Pugh Score, clinical variables reflecting portal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma. Univariate, multivariate logistic-regression analysis were used to identify risk factors of PVT. Results: Of 165 LT candidates 46 of them had PVT (27.9 %). Presence of ascites, thrombocytopenia, history of variceal bleeding and band ligation were risk factors for PVT in univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, only history of variceal bleeding (OR 3.45, 95% CI 1.02-11.6, P = 0.046) significantly increased the risk of PVT. Conclusion: Previous history of variceal bleeding predict PVT development in cirrhosis suggesting that severity of portal hypertension is a major predictive factor for PVT in patients with cirrhosis. Future prospective studies are needed to risk stratifying cirrhosis patients prior to liver transplantation for future PVT development and to define the prophylactic role of anticoagulation in these patients.

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