Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common problem in the intensive care unit (ICU). Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) has become a common test in the ICU. But the effect of TTE on the short-term prognosis in ICU patients with AKI remains unclear. We aimed to analyze the relationship between TTE and short-term prognosis in ICU patients with AKI. Methods AKI patients in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-III database were retrospectively enrolled according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and their clinical information was extracted. TTE was conducted during ICU stay. AKI was diagnosed according to KIDGO criteria. The primary endpoint was the outcome of 28-day ICU stay. The doubly robust estimation method was used to analyze the association of TTE with the primary and secondary outcomes of patients with AKI in ICU. The gradient boosted model (GBM) was used to estimate the propensity score of patients to undergo TTE examination, thereby minimizing the variable imbalance between the TTE and non-TTE groups. Weighted cohorts were built using the inverse probabilities weighting (IPW) model with estimated propensity scores as weights. The weighted cohort was analyzed using logistic regression and validated using other models. Results A total of 2,983 patients were included. In the original cohort, 28-day mortality was 37.9% in the TTE group (n=1,684) and 40.8% in the non-TTE group (n=1,299). In the propensity score model (PSM) cohort, 28-day mortality was 34.6% in the TTE group (n=702) and 45.6% in the non-TTE group (n=702). Doubly robust analysis showed that TTE was associated with lower 28-day mortality. Conclusions TTE examination might decrease the 28-day mortality in patients with AKI in the ICU and should be considered for critical patients when necessary.
The intrusive age ranges of Linglong, Guojialing, Weideshan, and Laoshan granites in the Jiaodong Peninsula are 155–154 Ma, 131–130 Ma, 118–111 Ma, and 116 Ma, respectively. Together with the Shidao granite (227–200 Ma), five phases of magmatism can be classified by the time, all of which have different degrees of gold and polymetallic mineralization. The type of granites evolved from A–, S–type to I–, A–type from the Late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous, thus reflects the evolution of geodynamics in the Mesozoic, indicating the switch from North China Craton (NCC)–Yangtze Craton (YC) collision to subduction of the Paleo–Pacific Plate (PPP), with crustal thickening switching to lithospheric thinning and a compressional tectonic setting changing to an extensional setting. It directly leads to a series of extensional structures evolving in the Jiaodong Peninsula and demonstrates affinity for the extensive mineralization in the Early Cretaceous. The key markers of Jiaodong gold and polymetallic mineralization are magmatism, fluid activity and extensional structure. Extensive magmatic uplift and extensional structures in the Early Cretaceous formed the extensional tectonic system. During the formation process, a large proportion of crust and mantle materials exchanged and mixed, and the fluid interaction was highly active, resulting in a magmatic fluid metallogenic system, which provided favorable metallogenic conditions for gold and nonferrous metal hydrothermal deposits. Thus, a large-scale explosive mineralization occurred in Jiaodong in the middle and late Early Cretaceous.
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