Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi alterar o método centroide de avaliação da adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica de genótipos, para deixá-lo com maior sentido biológico e melhorar aspectos quantitativos e qualitativos de sua análise. A alteração se deu pela adição de mais três ideótipos, definidos de acordo com valores médios dos genótipos nos ambientes. Foram utilizados dados provenientes de um experimento sobre produção de matéria seca de 92 genótipos de alfafa (Medicago sativa) realizado em blocos ao acaso, com duas repetições. Os genótipos foram submetidos a 20 cortes, no período de novembro de 2004 a junho de 2006. Cada corte foi considerado um ambiente. A inclusão dos ideótipos de maior sentido biológico (valores médios nos ambientes) resultou em uma dispersão gráfica em forma de uma seta voltada para a direita, na qual os genótipos mais produtivos ficaram próximos à ponta da seta. Com a alteração, apenas cinco genótipos foram classificados nas mesmas classes do método centroide original. A figura em forma de seta proporciona uma comparação direta dos genótipos, por meio da formação de um gradiente de produtividade. A alteração no método mantém a facilidade de interpretação dos resultados para a recomendação dos genótipos presente no método original e não permite duplicidade de interpretação dos resultados.Termos para indexação: Medicago sativa, análise gráfica, componentes principais, interação genótipos x ambientes. Alteration of the centroid method to evaluate genotypic adaptabilityAbstract -The objective of this work was to modify the centroid method of evaluation of phenotypic adaptability and the phenotype stability of genotypes in order for the method to make greater biological sense and improve its quantitative and qualitative performance. The method was modified by means of the inclusion of three additional ideotypes defined in accordance with the genotypes' average yield in the environments tested. The alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) forage yield of 92 genotypes was used. The trial had a randomized block design, with two replicates, and the data were used to test the method. The genotypes underwent 20 cuts, from November 2004 to June 2006. Each cut was considered an environment. The inclusion of ideotypes of greater biological average production in the environments produced an arrow-shaped graphical dispersion directed to the right in which the most productive genotypes were placed near the tip of the arrow. With the alteration only five genotypes were classified into the former classes of the original centroid method. The arrow-shaped figure allowed a direct comparison of genotypes throughout the productivity gradient. The alteration performed in the method preserved the easy interpretation of results for genotype recommendations of the original method, and does leaves no room for ambiguity in interpretation of the results.
This study describes an efficient in vitro method using colchicinetreated triploid seedlings of Napiergrass and Pearl millet hybrids to produce hexaploid hybrids and their subsequent identification with flow cytometry. It also describes chromosome count and stomatal morphology and their use to ploidy analysis. Four-hundred and eighty triploid seeds, representing 12 different hybrids were sterilized and transferred to MS media to induce chromosome doubling. Surviving plants were analysed by flow cytometry. From six triploid (control) and hexaploid plants, the stomata sizes and frequency were analysed. Chromosome count was performed only in the plants identified as hexaploid. Seventeen plants were identified as hexaploid by flow cytometry analysis. Further confirmation of the hexaploid condition was performed with stomatal morphology (stomatal frequency reduction and stomatal length increase) and chromosome count (2n = 6x = 42). Chromosome doubling has numerous applications in Pennisetum breeding. It can be used to restore the fertility of interspecific hybrids and to improve seed size.The genus Pennisetum is one of the important genera of the family Poaceae. Pennisetum purpureum Schum. (Napiergrass) and Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br. (Pearl millet) are important species widely used as forage. Pennisetum glaucum is a diploid species with 2n = 2x = 14 chromosomes and P. purpureum is tetraploid with 2n = 4x = 28 chromosomes (Martel et al. 2004). Napiergrass has been successfully crossed with Pearl millet to produce high quality and high yielding perennial interspecific forage hybrids (Hanna 1981). However, the sterility of this hybrid due to its triploid condition (2n = 3x = 21 chromosomes) has been pointed as a difficulty for its use in breeding programmes. The fertility of this hybrid can be restored with chromosome doubling. Colchicine is an alkaloid widely used for chromosome doubling and for the induction of polyploidy in plants (Pasakinskiene´2000). The technique of exposing explants to colchicine in vitro has been used in a number of cases (Kadota and Niimi 2002). Chromosome counts and stomatal morphology have been used routinely for polyploidy screening. However, these methods make the analysis of a great number of plants difficult and time-consuming. Flow cytometry represents a technology gain and has been increasingly used for highthroughput ploidy screening (Roy et al. 2001). This study describes an efficient in vitro method using colchicine-treated triploid seedlings of Napiergrass and Pearl millet hybrids to produce hexaploid hybrids and their subsequent identification with flow cytometry. It also describes chromosome count and stomatal morphology and their use for ploidy analysis. Plant materials and in vitro induction of chromosome doublingFour-hundred and eighty triploid seeds, representing 12 different hybrids (40 per hybrid), were sterilized and transferred to MS media to induce seedling development. The treatments (hybrids) have been arranged in a completely random design with four repetitions. Each...
-The objective of this work was to estimate genetic gains in physic nut (Jatropha curcas) using selection indexes and to establish the best selection strategy for the species. Direct and indirect selection was carried out using different selection indexes, totalizing 14 strategies. One hundred and seventy five families from the active germplasm bank of Embrapa Agroenergy, Brasília, Brazil, were analyzed in a randomized complete block design with two replicates. The evaluated traits were: grain yield; seeds per fruit; endosperm/ seed ratio; seed weight, length, width, and thickness; branches per plant at 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m; plant height; stem diameter; canopy projection on rows and between lines; canopy volume; juvenility (days to the first flowering); and height of the first inflorescence. Evaluations were done during the second year of cultivation. The use of selection indexes is relevant to maximize the genetic gains in physic nut, favoring a better distribution of desirable traits. The multiplicative and restrictive indexes are considered the most promising for selection.Index terms: Jatropha curcas, biodiesel, canopy volume, Cerrado, juvenility, seed size. Ganho genético em pinhão-manso com uso de índices de seleçãoResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar o ganho genético em pinhão-manso (Jatropha curcas) com uso de diferentes índices de seleção e estabelecer a melhor estratégia de seleção para a espécie. A seleção direta e indireta foi realizada com diferentes índices de seleção, o que totalizou 14 estratégias. Foram analisadas 175 famílias pertencentes ao banco ativo de germoplasma da Embrapa Agroenergia, em blocos ao acaso, com duas repetições. Foram avaliadas as variáveis: produtividade de grãos; sementes por fruto; razão endosperma/ semente; peso, comprimento, largura e espessura de sementes; número de ramos a 0,5, 1,0 e 1,5 m; altura de plantas; diâmetro do caule; projeção da copa nas linhas e nas entrelinhas; volume da copa; juvenilidade (dias até o florescimento); e altura de inserção da primeira inflorescência. As avaliações foram realizadas durante o segundo ano de cultivo. A utilização de índices de seleção é relevante para maximizar os ganhos genéticos em pinhão-manso e favorece uma melhor distribuição de características desejáveis. Os índices multiplicativos e restritivos são considerados os mais promissores para uso na seleção.Termos para indexação: Jatropha curcas, biodiesel, volume de copa, Cerrado, juvenilidade, tamanho de sementes.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a presença de interação genótipo x ambiente (G x A) e determinar a adaptabilidade e estabilidade fenotípica de linhagens de algodão de fibra marrom, utilizando o modelo de Ebehart & Russell. Foram conduzidos sete experimentos nos estados de CE, GO, MS e RN, em 2010 e 2011, em regime irrigado e de sequeiro. O delineamento utilizado foi blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados 11 genótipos, segundo sete caracteres relativos à fibra. A interação G x A foi significativa para a maioria dos caracteres. As linhagens 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 e 7 demonstraram capacidade de resposta à melhoria de ambiente, sendo 1 e 5 os genótipos que apresentaram comportamento previsível para todas as características. O índice de fibras curtas mostrou ser uma característica de alta previsibilidade
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.