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Aiming to identify quantitative descriptors directly or indirectly related to grain yield and to verify whether this relationship depends of the growth habit of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), an experiment was conducted at Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul-Aquidauana Unit, in a soil classified as Ultisol sandy loam texture. The experimental design was randomized block with four replications. The treatments consisted of six soybean genotypes, being three determinate growth habit and three indeterminate. The following descriptors were evaluated: plant height (PH), first pod insertion height (PIH), number of ramifications per plant (NR), number of pods (NP), mass of hundred grains (MHG) and grains yield (YIE). The data of each parameter of genotypes with determinate and indeterminate growth habit for each genetic class were compared by t-test at 5% probability. The results obtained showed that genotypes with indeterminate growth habit are more productive compared to those who have determinate growth habit. It is recommended simultaneous selection of the descriptors NP and NR for genotypes with determinate growth habit and PH, NP and NR for genotypes with indeterminate growth.

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Although heterosis has significantly contributed to increases in worldwide crop production, the molecular mechanisms regulating this phenomenon are still unknown. In the present study, we used a comparative proteomic approach to explore hybrid vigor via the proteome of both the popcorn L54 ♀ and P8 ♂ genotypes and the resultant UENF/UEM01 hybrid cross. To analyze the differentially abundant proteins involved in heterosis, we used the primary roots of these genotypes to analyze growth parameters and extract proteins. The results of the growth parameter analysis showed that the mid- and best-parent heterosis were positive for root length and root dry matter but negative for root fresh matter, seedling fresh matter, and protein content. The comparative proteomic analysis identified 1343 proteins in the primary roots of hybrid UENF/UEM01 and its parental lines; 220 proteins were differentially regulated in terms of protein abundance. The mass spectrometry proteomic data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier “PXD009436”. A total of 62 regulated proteins were classified as nonadditive, of which 53.2% were classified as high parent abundance (+), 17.8% as above-high parent abundance (+ +), 16.1% as below-low parent abundance (− −), and 12.9% as low parent abundance (-). A total of 22 biological processes were associated with nonadditive proteins; processes involving translation, ribosome biogenesis, and energy-related metabolism represented 45.2% of the nonadditive proteins. Our results suggest that heterosis in the popcorn hybrid UENF/UEM01 at an early stage of plant development is associated with an up-regulation of proteins related to synthesis and energy metabolism.

perennial breeding species demand substantial investment in various resources, mainly the required time to obtain adult and productive plants. estimating several genetic parameters in these species, in a more confidence way, means saving resources when selecting a new genotype. A model using the Bayesian approach was compared with the frequentist methodology for selecting superior genotypes. A population of 17 families of full-siblings of guava tree was evaluated, and the yield, fruit mass, and pulp mass were measured. The Bayesian methodology suggest more accurate estimates of variance components, as well as better results to fit of model in a cross-validation. Proper priori for Bayesian model is very important to convergency of chains, mainly for small datasets. Even with poor priori, Bayesian was better than frequentist approach.