China’s supply-side structural reforms are facing bottlenecks in the energy and power sector, and improving energy and power efficiency and advancing reforms are urgent. To promote sustainable development, based on panel data from 30 provinces and cities in China from 2009 to 2017, this paper uses the super-efficiency DEA method to measure energy and power efficiency; explores the trend of energy and power efficiency changes before and after reform; uses the Tobit model to identify key efficiency factors; and provides policy recommendations to achieve reform goals. The research shows that China’s efficiency level takes the supply-side structural reform as the turning point and presents a volatile upward trend; from the situation of the country, technological progress, the economic development level, and the opening up level are positively correlated with the energy and power efficiency, among which the correlation coefficient between technological progress and efficiency is the highest. The study can offer a reference for the sustainable comprehensive utilization of China’s energy and power, and provide empirical evidence for other countries to improve the energy and power efficiency from the perspectives of theory and policies.

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