It is unclear if the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scoring criteria identify kinematics that have been associated with lower extremity injury risk. The purpose was to compare lower extremity kinematics of the overhead deep squat (OHDS) during the FMS between individuals who were grouped on FMS scoring. Forty-five adults who were free of injury and without knowledge of the FMS or its scoring criteria (males = 19, females = 26; height = 1.68 0.08 m; mass = 70.7 7 13.0 kg). Three-dimensional lower extremity kinematics during an OHDS were measured using a motion capture system. One-way MANOVA was used to compare kinematic outcomes (peak hip flexion angle, hip adduction angle, knee flexion angle, knee abduction angle, knee internal rotation angle, and ankle dorsiflexion angle) between FMS groups. Those who scored a 3 had greater peak hip flexion angle (F2,42 = 8.75; p = 0.001), knee flexion angle (F2,42 = 13.53; p = 0.001), knee internal rotation angle (F2,42 = 12.91; p = 0.001), and dorsiflexion angle (F2,42 = 9.00; p = 0.001) compared to those who scored a 2 or a 1. However, no differences were found in any outcome between those who scored a 2 and those who scored a 1, or in frontal plane hip or knee kinematics. FMS scoring for the OHDS identified differences in squat depth, which was characterized by larger peak hip, knee, and dorsi- flexion angles in those who scored a 3 compared with those who scored 2 or 1. However, no differences were found between those who scored a 2 or 1, and caution is recommended when interpreting these scores. Despite a different FMS score, few differences were observed in frontal or transverse plane hip and knee kinematics, and other tasks may be needed to assess frontal plane kinematics.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare functional movement screen (FMS) scores and drop vertical jump (DVJ) kinematics between those with and without anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and to evaluate the association between FMS composite score and DVJ kinematics. Design: Cross-sectional. Participants: Sixty individuals with and without a history of ACLR. Main Outcome Measures: Composite FMS score and the dorsiflexion, knee-flexion, hip-flexion, knee abduction, hip adduction, and trunk-flexion angles during a DVJ. Results: The FMS scores did not differ between groups (P > .05). There were smaller peak and initial contact hip-flexion angles in the ACLR and contralateral limbs compared with controls, and smaller peak dorsiflexion angles in the ACLR compared with contralateral limbs (P < .05). Lower FMS score was associated with a smaller peak dorsiflexion angle, smaller peak knee-flexion angle, and larger peak knee abduction angle in the ACLR limb (ΔR2 = .14−.23); a smaller peak dorsiflexion angle and smaller peak knee-flexion angle in the contralateral limb (ΔR2 = .17−.19); and a smaller peak dorsiflexion angle, smaller peak knee-flexion angle, and larger peak knee abduction angle in the control limb (ΔR2 = .16−.22). Conclusion: The FMS scores did not differ between groups, but were associated with DVJ kinematics and should be a complementary rather than substitute assessment.

No abstract

CONCLUSION: Initial and peak knee flexion angles were decreased when the visual stimuli was presented mid-flight rather than at the beginning of the jump when jumping to the right (lateral to the knee). However, the incongruent Flanker task did not significantly affect knee flexion angle. Further research focusing on mid-flight decision making with a more challenging incongruent visual stimuli that mimics dynamic team sports is merited.

The single leg hop for distance (SLH) test has been reported to have high test-retest reliability and is used as a return to sport (RTS) criteria post-injury. The use of wearable technology (inertial measurement units, IMUs) may provide an improved metric with RTS decision making following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), however, the reliability of an IMU device during the SLH has not yet been investigated. PURPOSE: To determine the test-retest reliability in tibial acceleration metrics (PA: peak acceleration, TPA: time to peak acceleration, AS: acceleration slope) during SLH with a between test time interval of 7-14 days in healthy collegiate soccer players. METHODS: Twenty-four collegiate soccer players (20M,4 F; 19.5 ± 1.2 yrs) granted informed consent and performed three SLH trials bilaterally (D: dominant, ND: non-dominant leg) while wearing a lightweight IMU (9.5g, 1500 Hz) fixated with a silicon strap 3-cm proximal to both medial malleoli. A custom Matlab script processed triaxial acceleration data from the maximum hop distance trial from both days with a 60-Hz, fourth-order, dual-pass Butterworth filter before resultant acceleration was computed. Legs (D, ND) were treated independently prior to intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), standard error of measurements (SEMs) and minimum detectable change (MDC95%) being subsequently determined. Subsequently, paired t-tests were utilized to evaluate for significant differences between test days for both D, ND legs respectively. A significance level of 0.05 was set apriori. RESULTS: ICCs for hop distance and PTA revealed good test-retest reliability (0.86, 0.78) and moderate reliability for TPA and AS (0.50, 0.74). SEM and MDC95% for PTA was 4.04g and 5.66g respectively. No significant differences (p-values: 0.64-0.90) were found within either leg (D, ND) when comparing hop metrics between testing days. CONCLUSION: IMU devices provide good test-retest reliability for PTA during SLH functional testing. Their use may be considered as an added metric for monitoring athlete progress and determining readiness for RTS after ACLR. Future testing should evaluate normative symmetry values in tibial acceleration metrics during SLH.