This study analyzes the influence mechanism of migration on farmers' forestland transfer behavior by using instrumental variable-Probit and instrumental variable-Tobit models based on survey data of 505 households in 50 villages in 10 sample counties in Jiangxi Province. The results show that the farmers' willingness to transfer forestland is generally not high, but there is a great difference in the influence of intra-county migration and outside-of-county migration on the transfer behavior of farmers. Outside-ofcounty migration promotes the renting out of forestland and inhibits renting it in, whereas intracounty migration does not affect either. In addition, households' human capital, forestland resource endowments, policy systems, and locational environment factors all have different degrees of influence on farmers' transfer behavior. According to the analysis, improving rural laborers' job skills through training can deepen the reform of collective forestland.

This paper explores how broadband infrastructure affects rural household carbon dioxide emissions (HCE). Based on the Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis, a quasi-natural experiment of a “Broadband Village” (B&V) in China is conducted. Panel data from 9,790 rural households were collected as part of the China Family Finance Survey (CHFS). The consumer lifestyle approach was used to calculate HCE and a Difference-in-Differences (DID) model was used to analyze the impact of a B and V pilot project on rural HCE. The results of DID model showed that B and V significantly increases rural HCE, with an influencing coefficient 1.7. Subsequently, Threshold Model was utilized to examine the nonlinear relationship between household broadband penetration and rural HCE. The results revealed the threshold effect between rural household broadband penetration and rural HCE. Namely, the growth effect of B and V to rural HCE would be much weaker, if rural household broadband penetration goes above a threshold level, 31.32%. Our analysis provides important insights for policymakers to formulate digital village and income redistribution policies to support rural carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions reductions.

This article explores how rural labor migration affects the forest management income. Based on consecutive annual surveys of 397 forest households in the Jiangxi Province from 2011 to 2018, the panel-Tobit and IV-Tobit and mediation models are conducted. The studies showed that the migration effect of labor migration inhibits forest management income, and the remittance effect of labor migration has a promoting effect, but the total effect of labor migration inhibited household forest management income. A heterogeneity analysis showed that, the labor migration effect in hilly and mountainous areas has a significant inhibitory effect on forest management income, while the promoting effect of the remittance effect of labor migration on forest management income is only significant in plain areas. At the same time, compared with the elderly group, the migration effect of labor migration of the youth group has a greater inhibitory effect on household forest management income, while the impact of the remittance effect of labor migration is only significant in the elderly group. A test of action mechanism showed that, cash investment plays a partial mediating role on the impact of labor migration effect on forest management income, but it has a suppressing role in the impact of the remittance effect. Labor input plays a partial mediating role on both the labor migration effect and the labor remittance effect on forest management income. Our analysis provides an important basis for policymakers to formulate pertinent policies to support forest management in collective forest regions.

This paper analyzed forest farmers' priority demands for forest reform policies through average linkage clustering analysis and multinomial logistic regression model by applying survey data of 500 households in Jiangxi province. The results indicated that the subsidy policies is the most needed policies followed by the forestry science and technology service policy, and financial services. In addition multinomial logistic regression model analysis was used to study what factors influence farmers'priority demand for forest reform policies. The empirical results show that the age of head of household, the area of household forest land, whether forest farmers have participated in forest right mortgage loans and forest insurance significantly affect the demand of forest farmers for forest reform policy. Finally, some pertinent suggestions were put forward to promote the collective forest reform.