Hemangiosarcomas confined to the skin and underlying muscle were surgically excised in 2 5 dogs. Tumors were staged based on their histological location (ie, dermal, hypodermal, and deep). Dermal (stage I) hemangiosarcomas were small, most commonly ventral-abdominal or prepucia1 in location, and were associated with prolonged survival times (median survival, 780 days). Tumors with hypodermal (stage II) and underlying muscular involvement (stage 111) were grouped together because of their larger size, bruise-like appearance, lack of anatomic predilection, emangiosarcoma (HSA, malignant hemangioendo-H thelioma, angiosarcoma) is a neoplasm arising from endothelial cells.' It occurs more frequently in the dog than in any other species, with a reported prevalence of 0.3% to 2.0%.2-6 The spleen is the most frequent primary site of involvement; however, primary dermal and hypodermal HSAs are also common, accounting for 14% of these tumors in There are few reports specifically describing the biological behavior of HSAs originating from cutaneous (ie, dermal or hypodermal) tissues in dogs."-" Most cutaneous forms are included in the literature as part ofa large series ofdogs with HSAs, regardless of the tissue of rigi in.^,','^-^^ Frequently, it is difficult to distinguish cutaneous HSA from HSA of other origins (eg, splenic, right atrial) in these reports. The presence of 1 or more cutaneous HSAs may represent metastatic disease rather than a primary lesion, and therefore has frequently been associated with a poor prognosis." Cutaneous HSAs are rare in humans, in whom they have been described as highly invasive neoplasms with a high rate of local recurrence.23 They occur almost exclusively in I of 3 separate clinical presentations: ( 1) previously irradiated skin; ( 2 ) the face and scalp of elderly patients; and (3) the chronic lymphedematous extremity, often in postmastectomy patients.24 The long-term prognosis for these patients is extremely poor, with a reported median survival time of only 20 months after radical surgxal excision and adjuvant radiotherapy.25 The only two prognostic factors identified in humans with cutaneous HSA include the size of the lesion at the time of diagnosis and the degree of lymphocytic infiltration around the t~m o r .~~,~~ Tumors less than 5 cm in diameter and those with lymphocytic infiltrates are associated with longer survival times.",26Vascular stasis, radiation therapy, trauma, and sun exposure have been suggested as predisposing factors for the development of cutaneous HSAs in humans.26 Solar radiation has been proposed to play a causal role in spontaneously occumng dermal HSAs in dogs.'' In addition, HSAs have been experimentally induced with UV radiation in dogs2'The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics and survival times in dogs with primary cutaneous HSAs treated by surgical excision. Materials and MethodsRecords of the University of Florida and The Ohio State University veterinary pathology services were reviewed to identify all pribiological beha...

L-NDDP was ineffective for treatment of cats with oral SCC. None of the cats had a complete or partial remission. Acute toxicoses and poor therapeutic response limit therapeutic usefulness of L-NDDP in cats, unless dosage, frequency, and administration procedures can be improved.

The adrenal glands of twenty-six, 12- to 53-month-old, ferrets without clinical signs of adrenal disease were examined and measured by ultrasonography and the findings compared with those from gross examination and histopathology. Of 51 adrenal glands examined, 27 were normal, 23 had either nodular or diffuse cortical hyperplasia and 1 had an adenocarcinoma. There was no statistically significant difference between the sonographic nor gross size of normal adrenal glands and those with hyperplasia. Moderate correlation was found between gross and sonographic measurements of length for both right (r = 0.783; p < 0.0001) and left (r = 0.609; p < 0.001) and width (p < 0.02). In female ferrets, the length, width, and depth of the right adrenal gland sonographically measured (mean +/- sd) 7.5 +/- 1.2 mm, 3.7 +/- 0.6 mm, 2.8 +/- 0.4 mm, respectively, and the left measured 7.4 +/- 1.0 mm, 3.7 +/- 0.4 mm, 2.8 +/- 0.4 mm; in males, the right adrenal measured 8.9 +/- 1.6 mm, 3.8 +/- 0.6 mm, 3.0 +/- 0.8 mm and the left measured 8.6 +/- 1.2 mm, 4.2 +/- 0.6 mm, 3.0 +/- 0.6 mm. Accessory adrenal tissue was not identified during the sonographic examination but was grossly found in 10 of the ferrets. It was associated with either the right, left or both adrenal glands.

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