All fluorochemicals—including elemental fluorine and nucleophilic, electrophilic, and radical fluorinating reagents—are prepared from hydrogen fluoride (HF). This highly toxic and corrosive gas is produced by the reaction of acid-grade fluorspar (>97% CaF 2 ) with sulfuric acid under harsh conditions. The use of fluorspar to produce fluorochemicals via a process that bypasses HF is highly desirable but remains an unsolved problem because of the prohibitive insolubility of CaF 2 . Inspired by calcium phosphate biomineralization, we herein disclose a protocol of treating acid-grade fluorspar with dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K 2 HPO 4 ) under mechanochemical conditions. The process affords a solid composed of crystalline K 3 (HPO 4 )F and K 2− x Ca y (PO 3 F) a (PO 4 ) b , which is found suitable for forging sulfur-fluorine and carbon-fluorine bonds.

The frequency of synchronisation errors mean that it is not feasible to use commercially available WAT for remote monitoring of patients and caution is needed if the results are used to guide clinical intervention, rather than simply offer lifestyle advice.