Neonatal mortality is still a real public health problem in Guinea. Indeed, despite the remarkable progress made in the country, neonatal mortality is still high: 20 per 1000 live births (1). Regional disparities are significant, with the regions of Mamou (32‰), Faranah (28‰), Labé (26‰) and Kankan (26‰) being the most affected. Objective: To determine the main factors related to neonatal deaths in the Faranah, Mamou, Labé and Kankan regions. This is a descriptive qualitative study that examines the perspectives of health service users, local decision-makers and providers on the causes of neonatal mortality in the Labé, Mamou, Faranah and Kankan regions. The main direct medical causes of neonatal mortality cited by participants were: prematurity, neonatal infections, low birth weight, hypoglycemia, hemorrhagic diseases of the newborn. This workshop concluded that neonatal mortality depends on a multitude of economic, political, socio-cultural and health factors, all of which endanger the lives of newborns.