OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that admission hemoglobin levels are associated with outcome in primary, nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage. DESIGN: Individual patient data meta-analysis of three studies of intracerebral hemorrhage. SETTING: Two randomized clinical trials and one multiethnic observational study. PATIENTS: Patients with spontaneous, nontraumatic intracerebral hemorrhage. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Our exposure of interest was admission hemoglobin levels and the primary outcome was 3-month postintracerebral hemorrhage-dichotomized modified Rankin Scale (0–3 vs 4–6). Intermediate outcomes were admission hematoma volume and hematoma expansion defined as 6 mL or 33% increase in hemorrhage size on repeat CT. A total of 4,172 intracerebral hemorrhage patients were included in the study (mean age 63 [sd = 14]; female sex 1,668 [40%]). Each additional g/dL of admission hemoglobin was associated with 14% (odds ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.82–0.91) and 7% (odds ratio, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88–0.98) reductions in the risk of poor outcome in unadjusted and adjusted analyses, respectively. Dose-response analyses indicated a linear relationship between admission hemoglobin levels and poor outcome across the entire evaluated range (test-for-trend p < 0.001). No consistent associations were found between the admission hemoglobin levels and hematoma volume or hematoma expansion. CONCLUSIONS: Higher hemoglobin levels are associated with better outcome in intracerebral hemorrhage. Further research is needed to evaluate admission hemoglobin levels as both a therapeutic target and predictor of outcome.

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IMPORTANCEThe American Heart Association (AHA) Life's Simple 7 (LS7) score captures 7 biological and lifestyle factors associated with promoting cardiovascular health.OBJECTIVES To test whether healthier LS7 profiles are associated with significant brain health benefits in persons without stroke or dementia, and to evaluate whether genomic information can recapitulate the observed LS7. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTSThis genetic association study was a nested neuroimaging study within the UK Biobank, a large population-based cohort study in the United Kingdom. Between March 2006 and October 2010, the UK Biobank enrolled 502 480 community-dwelling persons aged 40 to 69 years at recruitment. This study focused on a subset of 35 914 participants without stroke or dementia who completed research brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and had available genome-wide data. All analyses were conducted between March 2021 and March 2022.EXPOSURES The LS7 (blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hemoglobin A 1c , smoking, exercise, diet, and body mass index) profiles were ascertained clinically and genomically. Independent genetic variants known to influence each of the traits included in the LS7 were assessed. The total LS7 score ranges from 0 (worst) to 14 (best) and was categorized as poor (Յ4), average (>4 to 9) and optimal (>9). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURESThe outcomes of interest were 2 neuroimaging markers of brain health: white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume and brain volume (BV). RESULTSThe final analytical sample included 35 914 participants (mean [SD] age 64.1 [7.6] years; 18 830 [52.4%] women). For WMH, compared with persons with poor observed LS7 profiles, those Open Access. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License.

Background All of Us is a novel research program that aims to accelerate research in populations traditionally underrepresented in biomedical research. Our objective was to evaluate the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in broadly defined underrepresented groups. Methods and Results We evaluated the latest data release of All of Us. We conducted a cross‐sectional analysis combining survey and electronic health record data to estimate the prevalence of CVD upon enrollment in underrepresented groups defined by race, ethnicity, age (>75 years), disability (not able to carry out everyday physical activities), sexual orientation and gender identity lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, and asexual (LGBTQIA+), income (annual household income <$35 000 US dollars) and education (less than a high school degree). We used multivariate logistic regression to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and product terms to test for interaction. The latest All of Us data release includes 315 297 participants. Of these, 230 577 (73%) had information on CVD and 17 958 had CVD (overall prevalence, 7.8%; 95% CI, 7.7–7.9). Multivariate analyses adjusted by hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, body mass index, and smoking indicated that, compared with White participants, Black participants had a higher adjusted odds of CVD (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.16–1.27). Higher adjusted odds of CVD were also observed in underrepresented groups defined by other factors, including age >75 years (OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.81–1.99), disability (OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.53–1.68), and income <$35 000 US dollars (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.17–1.27). Sex significantly modified the odds of CVD in several of the evaluated groups. Conclusions Among participants enrolled in All of Us, underrepresented groups defined based on race, ethnicity and other factors have a disproportionately high burden of CVD. The All of Us research program constitutes a powerful platform to accelerate research focused on individuals in underrepresented groups.