Various course delivery methods exist within higher education ranging from face-to-face to HyFlex (hybrid flexible) methods. This research is a mixed method, exploratory study designed to investigate the perceived effectiveness of Flipgrid, an online video discussion board learning tool that can be utilized on a smart phone, in HyFlex delivery modality business courses. A questionnaire containing both Likert-style and open-ended questions was administered to ten unique undergraduate and graduate business courses over a 2-year period. Results indicate that Flipgrid is a beneficial learning tool and further timely research should be conducted with HyFlex courses becoming more prevalent due to COVID-19.

This article examines the legacy of segregation and desegregation in the town of Parsons, Kansas. We argue that school desegregation, the goal of which was to increase access and equalize educational opportunities for African Americans, did not have that desired affect. Fifty years after the closing of the all-Black Douglass School, Parsons' citizens had not openly acknowledged the effects this event had on the African American community. Three generations later, African American student achievement still lags behind that of White students. These unresolved issues have contributed to a number of losses in the Black community, including loss of Black teachers and loss of talented Black young people. We use theories of social capital and cultural capital as a framework to illustrate how White, middle class students had greater access to school resources, and to identify the social and cultural resources within the Black community that the school district could build upon, such as strong leadership and a sense of resolve and resiliency.

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Climate change is an existential threat to US homeland security and is likely the most significant risk facing humanity. A consensus of the scientific community concludes that climate change is occurring, is relatively irreversible, and that aggressive mitigation of climate change drivers is necessary. Climate change impacts include surface air temperature rise, sea-level rise, water scarcity, drought, heat waves, fires, changes in precipitation patterns, disastrous changes in natural land cover and ocean chemistry, and an increase of the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. The nation is ill-prepared for risks presented

Changes in the U.S. Arctic are challenging both the national and human security dynamics of the region. Historically, the region's significance had been defined by national security concerns, but the emerging concept of human security has come to provide a useful framework through which to define and demonstrate the nexus between the two. This paper provides an overview of the relationship between national and human security and the concerns shared by individuals working in both areas, with a more narrowed focus on the interrelated issues of both food and energy security within the U.S. Arctic. Considering the substantial overlap of aspects of food and energy on both national as well as human security, an analysis of the relationships involving each provides meaningful and extended context of the term "security" for the Arctic region.