Single moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) may increase subsequent risk for neurodegenerative disease by facilitating β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition. However, the chronic effects on Aβ pathogenesis of repetitive mild TBIs (rTBI), which are common in adolescents and young adults, remain uncertain. We examined the effects of rTBI sustained during adolescence on subsequent deposition of Aβ pathology in a transgenic APP/PS1 rat model. Transgenic rats received sham or four individual mild TBIs (rTBIs) separated by either 24- or 72-h intervals at post-natal day 35 (before Aβ plaque deposition). Animals were euthanized at 12 months of age and underwent immunohistochemical analyses of Aβ plaque deposition. Significantly greater hippocampal Aβ plaque deposition was observed after rTBI separated by 24 h relative to rTBI separated by 72 h or sham injuries. These increases in hippocampal Aβ plaque load were driven by increases in both plaque number and size. Similar, though less-pronounced, effects were observed in extrahippocampal regions. Increases in Aβ plaque deposition were observed both ipsilaterally and contralaterally to the injury site and in both males and females. rTBIs sustained in adolescence can increase subsequent deposition of Aβ pathology, and these effects are critically dependent on interinjury interval.

Hair loss disorders may cause considerable distress to patients. Although many do not pose a significant medical risk, the sociocultural importance of hair is substantial. Often the extent of hair loss does not correlate to the impact on psychosocial function, thus necessitating an individualized approach. Hair loss disorders are interrelated with mental health and at times exert significant psychological percussions, and therefore, providers should address both medical and psychological aspects of treatment. This review contains a discussion of the impact on quality of life of common hair loss disorders and the psychological approaches that providers may utilize to improve care. The incorporation of psychodermatology and psychotrichology in dermatology and psychiatry residency programs is of vital importance. Dermatology and psychiatry liaison clinics may prove useful in the treatment of these patients.

Dercum’s disease, or adiposis dolorosa, is a rare disorder which consists of multiple, painful lipomas within the subcutaneous tissue and has a distribution mainly in the abdomen and extremities. Dercum’s disease can be defined as in combination with chronic painful adipose tissue. Although the etiology of Dercum’s disease is not clear, it is thought to be a combination of a neurological and endocrine disorder. Treatment for this disease is centered at managing pain. Although there is no standard of care for managing pain, there are different pain management regimes that are promising.