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PURPOSE:Regular exercise may induce some compensatory mechanisms such as spontaneous reductions in non-exercise physical activity (NEPA) and related thermogenesis (NEAT). Evidence on the effects of exercise interventions on these compensations in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to determine whether a 1-year exercise intervention at different intensities influenced NEPA and NEAT measured on the non-exercise days. METHODS: Patients with T2DM (n=66) aged 38-73 years-old were enrolled in a randomized-controlled trial with three groups: moderate continuous training (MCT) and high-intensity interval training (HIIT), both combined with resistance training, and a control group. NEPA was obtained by accelerometry using counts/min and NEAT was calculated based on Freedson's adult equation and reported as METs. Generalized estimating equations were used to model the outcomes while adjusting for sex and number of trainings attended. RESULTS: Following the adjustments, we found no time effect and no time*group interactions for NEAT in the MCT (β = -3.755, p = 0.554) and HIIT (β = -5.350, p = 0.297), against controls. Likewise, considering NEPA, no differences were observed against controls for MCT (β = -514.678, p = 0.820) and p = 0.148). CONCLUSIONS: Based on our findings, people with T2DM engaging in a long-term exercise intervention (i.e. 1 year) did not present any compensatory mechanisms, with no reductions in NEPA and NEAT, regardless of the intensity of training. These findings suggest that for people with T2DM, it is safe to participate in an exercise program, without harming their spontaneous activity level.

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