Objective To investigate antifungal susceptibility and factors associated with oral colonization by Candida species in HIV-positive patients.Methods A prospective study based on convenience sampling of subjects recruited from a pool of confirmed HIV-positive individuals seen at a specialty outpatient service in Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, Brazil). Oral swabs were collected from 197 patients. Candida species were identified by standard microbiological techniques (phenotypic and molecular methods). Antifungal susceptibility was investigated using the broth microdilution method.Results A total of 101 (51.3%) patients were Candida spp carriers. Candida albicans was the most prevalent species (80%). Patients aged 45 to 59 years (Prevalence ratios: 1.90; 95%CI: 1.57-6.31) and 60 years or older (Prevalence ratios: 4.43; 95%CI: 1.57-34.18) were at higher risk of oral colonization by Candida species. Resistance to fluconazole and ketoconazole, or to itraconazole, corresponded to 1% and 4%, respectively.Conclusion Age (45 years or older) was the only factor associated with oral colonization by Candida . Low rates of antifungal resistance to azoles were detected in yeast isolates obtained from HIV-positive patients. Findings of this study may contribute to proper therapeutic selection for oral candidiasis in HIV-positive patients.

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Objective and design The heterogeneity of response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is directly linked to the individual genetic background. Genetic variants of inflammasome-related genes have been pointed as risk factors for several inflammatory sterile and infectious disease. In the group of inflammasome receptors, NLRP1 stands out as a good novel candidate as severity factor for COVID-19 disease. Methods To address this question, we performed an association study of NLRP1 , DPP9 , CARD8 , IL1B , and IL18 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in a cohort of 945 COVID-19 patients. Results The NLRP1 p.Leu155His in the linker region, target of viral protease, was significantly associated to COVID-19 severity, which could contribute to the excessive cytokine release reported in severe cases. Conclusion Inflammasome genetic background contributes to individual response to SARS-CoV-2. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00011-022-01670-3.

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a sensibilidade antifúngica e a presença dos genes de virulência SAP1-3 em linhagens de Candida spp. Foram estudados 49 isolados, sendo 30 C. albicans e 19 Candida não-albicans (CNA). A determinação do perfil de sensibilidade foi realizada conforme protocolo do Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Para identificação dos genes SAP1-3, foi utilizado método de PCR. Todas as amostras de C. albicans foram sensíveis ao fluconazol, dentre as CNA 21% foram sensíveis e 68,4% foram SDD, 100% das linhagens de C. albicans e 94,7% de CNA foram sensíveis ao cetoconazol. Para itraconazol, 86,7% dos isolados de C. albicans e 42,1% de CNA foram sensíveis. Os genes mais frequentes nas linhagens de C. albicans foram SAP1 (56,6%,) e SAP2 (40%) seguido de SAP3 (26%). As amostras de CNA apresentaram um predomínio de SAP2 (42,1%), seguido por SAP1 (10,5%), SAP3 não foi identificado. As espécies de Candida apresentam diferenças significativas quanto ao perfil de sensibilidade a azólico e em relação à presença dos genes SAP1-3, sugerindo que esses fatores devem refletir em uma terapêutica e patogênese distintas para estas leveduras.