Objective: To identify the electrical parameters of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) that effectively alter cerebral blood flow in rats. Methodology: Six eletronic databases were searched with no time or language restrictions to identify experimental studies with rats using tDCS with anodal and/or cathodal stimulation with or without a comparison group. Internal validity was assessed via the following criteria: housing, lighting, temperature, water/food, groups randomization and ethical aspects. The ‘Laboratory Systematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation’ (SYRCLE) tool was used to assess risk of bias. The tDCS electrical parameters and cerebral blood flow were considered as primary outcomes and cerebral histological alterations as the secondary outcome. Results: Four articles were included. All four studies were considered to present a high level of scientific bias. The electrical tDCS parameters implemented were heterogeneous but overall, tDCS with anodal stimulation promoted an increase in cerebral blood flow while the cathodal stimulation decreased it. Cerebral histological alterations were assessed in two studies and tissue necrosis was reported in only one animal per study. Conclusion: The identification of tDCS electrical parameters that effectively alter cerebral blood flow in rats was not possible due to the heterogeneity of tDCS protocols being implemented in the literature. Considering the high risk of scientific bias in the included studies, the current available evidence regarding tDCS efficacy is insufficient and inconclusive.
Introdução: As cefaleias constituem a sintomatologia neurológica mais comum em todo o mundo; a presença desta alteração pode promover diversas consequências na biomecânica dos músculos cervicais, que podem limitar a mobilidade cervical e causar prejuízos aos pacientes que sofrem com cefaleia. Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre a presença de cefaleia primária e a restrição na amplitude de movimento cervical. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo piloto com 33 indivíduos (27 mulheres) com idade entre 20 e 38 anos (26 ± 5 anos). Para avaliar a mobilidade cervical ativa foi utilizado o goniômetro universal. O grau de disfunção cervical foiavaliado pelo questionário de Índice de Disfunção relacionado ao Pescoço. Para classificar a cefaleia primária foram utilizados os critérios estabelecidos pela International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-III beta version, 2013). Resultados: Não houve diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos em relação ao gênero e última crise de cefaleia. A mobilidade cervical apresentou diferenças entre os grupos com cefaleia e saudáveis, mas essas não foram estatisticamente significantes. Também houve diferenças entre os grupos cefaleia e saudáveis em relação à classificação do Índice de Disfunção relacionado ao Pescoço, sem diferença significante (p<0,05). Conclusão: O estudo não demonstrou diferença entre a mobilidade cervical em pacientes com cefaleia primária, quando comparados a indivíduos saudáveis.
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