Successive applications of copper fungicides on vines have resulted in increased copper content in vineyard soils over the years. This high copper content has affected the growth of young vines in eradicated vineyards. Thus, the cultivation of annual species for a few years is an alternative to copper phytostabilization, because it would be a good way to decrease copper availability to plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological responses of different soybean cultivars to copper concentration increase. Four different soybean cultivars were grown under three copper concentrations: 0.5, 20 and 40 μM in nutrient solution. The main outcomes of this study were: i) Cultivar M 6410 IPRO recorded the highest photosynthetic rate when plants were exposed to 40 μM of copper in the nutrient solution; ii) plants in cultivar M 6410 IPRO accumulated large copper concentrations in their roots although did not decrease the root dry mass, possibly due to the higher superoxide dismutase activity; iii) cultivar DM 5958 RSF IPRO recorded drastically reduced photosynthetic rate and dry mass production due to copper excess. We conclude that each cultivar responded differently to the excess of copper, but none of them showed tolerance to it.
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been progressively applied in the last decades, which may impact the environment. Synthesis of pigments and nutrient elements uptake by plants can also be affected by NPs. The in uence of lanthanum oxide nanoparticles (La 2 O 3 NPs) on growth, pigments synthesis and nutrient elements uptake by Pfa a glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen, a medicinal plant native in South America, were evaluated in the present study. P. glomerata plantlets were cultivated for 28 days in the absence (control) and presence of 100, 200 and 400 mg L −1 of La 2 O 3 NPs or bulk-La 2 O 3 (b-La 2 O 3 ) at the same cultivation conditions. Root development, aerial part growth and pigments concentration in plants were affected by b-La 2 O 3 and La 2 O 3 NPs, mainly by La 2 O 3 NPs. Calcium, Cu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, P, S and Zn determination in stems and leaves revealed drastically and similar decrease of nutrient elements in plants cultivated in presence of 400 mg L −1 of La 2 O 3 NPs or b-La 2 O 3 . Alteration of nutrient elements concentration was also observed for the other treatments. Mapping of elements (using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) in leaves of plants submitted to treatment with 400 mg L −1 of b-La 2 O 3 or La 2 O 3 NPs showed differences in the distribution of elements, indicating distinct effects of b-La 2 O 3 and La 2 O 3 NPs on P. glomerata. As such, this study demonstrated that La 2 O 3 NPs may impact plants growth. Highlights Metal nanoparticles are of increasing use and are of environmental concern La 2 O 3 affect growth, pigment synthesis and nutrient elements in Pfa aglomerata Changes of nutrient distribution is observed in leaves of Pfa aglomerata Instrumental parameters of the ICP OES, ICP-MS and LA instruments
Os avanços tecnológicos e cientíï¬cos da fotogrametria digital e o elevado número de dados extraídos por meio desta área de conhecimento, têm impulsionado o desenvolvimento de equipamentos e softwares de processamento. Justiï¬cando-se a necessidade da inclusão de plataformas educacionais para o ensino da fotogrametria digital no ensino técnico, atuando como facilitador do ensino e dando acesso à equipamentos e softwares, muitas vezes restritos pelos seus altos custos. Este artigo teve como objetivo avaliar a usabilidade da Plataforma Fotogramétrica Educacional E-Foto para o ensino da fotogrametria digital no ensino técnico. Os dados foram obtidos a partir da aplicação de um questionário online em uma turma de 14 alunos do curso Técnico em Geoprocessamento, a partir do qual realizou-se uma análise qualitativa e quantitativa. Para a análise quantitativa utilizou-se o método SUS - System Usability Scale, que possibilitou avaliar, através de uma métrica, que a Plataforma Fotogramétrica Educacional E-Foto atende as exigências de usabilidade de um software com este propósito. Além disso, veriï¬cou-se que o E-Foto atinge aos objetivos propostos de ensino, possui tutoriais de apoio que auxiliam a este propósito e que, desta forma, pode ser utilizado, como recurso metodológico adicional no ensino da disciplina de Fotogrametria Digital. Sobretudo, a análise qualitativa permitiu identiï¬car oportunidades de melhorias do sistema, as quais contribuirão para sua melhor usabilidade.
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been progressively applied in the last decades, which may impact the environment. Synthesis of pigments and nutrient elements uptake by plants can also be affected by NPs. The influence of lanthanum oxide nanoparticles (La2O3 NPs) on growth, pigments synthesis and nutrient elements uptake by Pfaffia glomerata (Spreng.) Pedersen, a medicinal plant native in South America, were evaluated in the present study. P. glomerata plantlets were cultivated for 28 days in the absence (control) and presence of 100, 200 and 400 mg L−1 of La2O3 NPs or bulk-La2O3 (b-La2O3) at the same cultivation conditions. Root development, aerial part growth and pigments concentration in plants were affected by b-La2O3 and La2O3 NPs, mainly by La2O3 NPs. Calcium, Cu, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, P, S and Zn determination in stems and leaves revealed drastically and similar decrease of nutrient elements in plants cultivated in presence of 400 mg L−1 of La2O3 NPs or b-La2O3. Alteration of nutrient elements concentration was also observed for the other treatments. Mapping of elements (using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) in leaves of plants submitted to treatment with 400 mg L−1 of b-La2O3 or La2O3 NPs showed differences in the distribution of elements, indicating distinct effects of b-La2O3 and La2O3 NPs on P. glomerata. As such, this study demonstrated that La2O3 NPs may impact plants growth.
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