Um dos grandes problemas enfrentados pelos gestores municipais são as inundações urbanas, resultantes de fenômenos hidrológicos extremos somados à falta de planejamento (ou má execução) do sistema de drenagem. Dentre os diversos fatores relacionados à ocorrência de inundações, um dos mais preocupantes é o uso e ocupação do solo das bacias hidrográficas sem um planejamento prévio, que advém do crescimento da população urbana. De modo a mitigar este problema, dentre as medidas estruturais usuais de controle do escoamento superficial destaca-se o reservatório de detenção pela sua efetividade no amortecimento de ondas de cheia. Dessa forma, buscou-se avaliar o impacto do crescimento urbano em uma microbacia urbana do município de Itajubá, Minas Gerais, na geração de vazões de cheia. Para tanto, foram simuladas as respostas da bacia para três cenários de uso e ocupação do solo utilizando-se o software HEC-HMS e, por fim, foi dimensionado um reservatório a jusante da bacia de forma a atenuar as vazões de cheia. Os resultados das simulações apontaram para uma influência significativa do crescimento urbano nos hidrogramas de cheia, uma vez que quanto maior a impermeabilização do solo, maiores os valores do escoamento superficial. Além disso, o reservatório para a condição mais crítica de ocupação do solo apresentou os maiores valores de dimensionamento, o que significa maiores gastos financeiros para sua execução. Isso, portanto, justifica a necessidade de um planejamento prévio de ocupação por parte da gestão municipal a fim de se evitar futuros gastos extras com medidas mitigadoras de inundação. Analysis of the impact of urban growth on a micro watershed in the Itajubá/MG county A B S T R A C TOne of the major problems faced by municipal managers is urban flooding, resulting from extreme hydrological phenomena coupled with the lack of planning (or poor execution) of the drainage system. Among the several factors related to the occurrence of floods, one of the most worrying is the use and occupation of the soil of the river basins without prior planning, which comes from the growth of the urban population. In order to mitigate this problem, among the usual structural measures of control of the surface runoff stands out the retention reservoir for its effectiveness in flood damping. In this way, we tried to evaluate the impact of urban growth in a micro urban basin of the municipality of Itajubá, Minas Gerais, in the generation of flood flows. In order to do so, the basin responses were simulated for three scenarios of land use and occupation using the HEC-HMS software, and finally, a reservoir was designed downstream of the basin in order to attenuate flood flows. The results of the simulations pointed to a significant influence of urban growth on flood hydrographs, since the higher the waterproofing of the soil, the greater the surface runoff values. In addition, the reservoir for the most critical condition of soil occupation had the highest values of design, which means higher financial expenses for its execution. This, therefore, justifies the necessity of a previous planning of occupation by the municipal management in order to avoid future extra expenses with measures that mitigates flood.Keywords: hydrological simulation, HEC-HMS, flood hydrographs.
This paper analyzed the anthropic expansion of the municipality of Paraty-RJ in relation to the Serra da Bocaina National Park. In addition to the bibliographic and documentary revision of the Municipal Master Plan and the Park Management Plan, geoprocessing tools were used for chronological analyzes of land use and occupation change in 2001, 2006 and 2018, using images from the satellite Landsat 5 and Landsat 8. It was verified the growth of the anthropic occupation in a diffuse way in relation to the Park, without respect to the municipal planning, reflecting in the decrease of the native vegetation cover. Both the Master and Management Plans have been inefficient in terms of their objectives, justifying the need for improvements in Paraty and Park management through the responsible agencies.
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