No abstract

Enrofloxacin (Enro) is often detected in soil and animal manure used for crop production and phytotoxic responses have been observed in plants grown under antimicrobial presence. In the present paper, we investigated the effects of the presence of Enro in soils (1.9 mg kg-1) and manure (50.4 mg kg-1) in growth and flower production of calla lily plants (Zantedeschia aethiopica). We also reported the accumulation and distribution of Enro between plant tissues aiming to evaluate the safety of commercializing plants produced under Enro-contaminated conditions. The presence of Enro in soils and manure did not affect plant growth and flower production and did not induce any physiological effects in plants (as evaluated by photosynthetic pigment, hydrogen peroxide concentration, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity in leaves). Plants accumulated Enro mainly in their roots, restraining its translocation to shoots, which contributes to the safety of the commercialization of their flowers. However, when commercialized as pots, the amount of Enro carried by plants is a matter of concern, and therefore, selling pot plants must be avoided. Due to their tolerance and capacity to remove Enro (up to 14.76% of Enro from contaminated soil and/or manure), plants are indicated for phytoremediation programs.

Choked banana presents closeness of petioles looks that allows the exit of the distal part of the inflorescence, but not the basal part is stuck up at the throat. The aim of this study was to avaluate the effect of choking on the growth of Musa spp. cv Nanica, as well as to investigate how the climatic variations and status nutritional of plants are associated whith this physiological disorder. The experiment was conducted in September/2018 in August/2019 in Registro, São Paulo state, Brazil. The experimental design adopted was completely randomized with two treatments and ten repetitions, in sub-divided plots over time (months). The evaluation consisted in determining the intensity of the symptom, number of leaves, plant height, hand number, stalk length, symptoms of nutritional deficiency and other abnormalities, leaf nutrient contents. Plant growth was not impacted by choking, only the hands number in the months of October/2018 and June/2019 to August/2019 (p< 0.05). Choking occurred throughout the year, with a predominance of severe symptoms of April in June due a redução da temperatura e radiation. The twisted fruits, united by fusion of floral parts and with different sizes occurred, respectively, in 21.67, 60.83 and 17.52% of the symptomatic plants, associated with the cool temperature during the differentiation of the female fruit. Choking and abnormalities in the bunch and fruits were associated with Zn deficiency (p< 0.05). The deficiency of Ca at low temperatures, the lower availability of radiation and the high relative humidity were also associated with the choking. The excess of P in the soil, as well, the adverse climatic conditions contributed to the limitation of these nutrients.

Refrigerantes são bebidas não alcoólicas carbonatadas e constituem ótima fonte de glicídios. A composição química adocicada, o pH menor que 4,3, a aw maior que 0,90 e a atmosfera dos refrigerantes oferece condições favoráveis ao desenvolvimento de diversos microrganimos, incluindo leveduras deteriorantes..A deterioração ocasionada nos refrigerantes não constitui um risco à saúde das pessoas, mas este fenômeno prejudica a imagem de fábricas de refrigerantes, como também pode causar sérias perdas econômicas..Essas perdas podem ser minimizadas com o rastreamento da origem dos focos de contaminação, bem como conhecendo o risco potencial que cada levedura representa para o produto..As leveduras comumente detectadas em bebidas não alcoólicas carbonatadas, são as Brettanomyces sp, Candida lipolytica, Candida sp, Criptococcus albidus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Debaryomyces hansenii, Hanseniaspora sp, Hansenula sp, Kloeckera sp, Kluyveromyces sp, Zygosaccharomyces bailii, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula rubra, Pichia sp, Saccharomyces cerevisae, Saccharomyces sp.,Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Schizosaccharomyces sp, e Zygosaccharomyces sp. SOFT DRINK DETERIORATION BY YEASTS Abstract Soft drinks are non alcoholic carbonated beverages that become an excellent source of glycids. Sugar composition, pH lower than 4.3, aw higher than 0.90 and atmosphere of soft drinks are conditions that contribute for the development of many microorganisms, including spoilage yeasts. Soft drink deterioration is not a health risk for people, but this phenomenon damages the beverage companies image and can yield serious economic damages. This problem could be reduced knowing the contamination focus origin, and also understanding the potential risk that each yeast represents to the product. The common yeasts found in nonalcoholic carbonated beverages are Brettanomyces sp, Candida lipolytica, Candida sp, Criptococcus albidus, Cryptococcus laurentii, Debaryomyces hansenii, Hanseniaspora sp, Hansenula sp, Kloeckera sp, Kluyveromyces sp, Zygosaccharomyces bailii, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula rubra, Pichia sp, Saccharomyces cerevisae Saccharomyces sp, Saccharomycodes ludwigii, Schizosaccharomyces sp and Zygosaccharomyces sp.