Objective: To analyze the prevalence of breastfeeding and the introduction of complementary food for zero to 24-month-old infants.Methods: This is a population-based cross-sectional study of children aged less than 24 months in Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Data were collected in 2015, by interviews with people in charge of infant care in the house. The questionnaire administered assessed the sociodemographic status of the family, maternal and infant characteristics and food consumption habits. Survival analysis was used to calculate median prevalence and duration of breastfeeding and the introduction of complementary feeding. Results: With 180 days of life, 4.0% of the children were exclusively breastfed, 22.4% were mostly breastfed and 43.4% were fed breast milk as complementary food. In the third month of life, children were consuming water (56.8%), fruit juice or formula (15.5%) and cow’s milk (10.6%). At the age of 12 months, 31.1% were consuming artificial juice and 50.0% were eating candies. Before the age of 1 year, 25.0% of them had already eaten instant noodles.Conclusions: The introduction of drinks, honey, sugar and candies as complementary food was found to be premature; and solid and semi-solid foods were almost appropriate. The habits described can directly affect the success of breastfeeding. Given that the inadequate eating practices identified can compromise the infant’s health, actions that promote breastfeeding and provide guidance on the introduction of complementary foods are important.

Obesity leads to an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system, especially in increased sympathetic modulation and decreased vagal tone, and some anthropometric, metabolic, and lifestyle variables may increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Objective. To analyze the association between cardiovascular autonomic modulation and biochemical and anthropometric markers, food intake, and physical activity level in severely obese individuals. Methodology. The present study is a cutout of a randomized clinical trial “Effect of nutritional intervention and olive oil in severe obesity” (DieTBra Trial), where the baseline data were analyzed. Anthropometric data, biochemical exams, heart rate variability (HRV), accelerometry, and 24 h recall (R24H) of obese patients (body mass index BMI ≥35 kg/m2) were collected. Results. 64 obese patients were analyzed, with a mean age of 39.10 ± 7.74 years (27 to 58 years). By HRV analysis, in the frequency domain, the obese had a higher predominance of sympathetic autonomic modulation (low frequency (LF) 56.44 ± 20.31 nu) and lower parasympathetic modulation (high frequency (HF) 42.52 ± 19.18 nu). A negative association was observed between the variables Homeostasis Evaluation Model (HOMA-IR) and HF (p=0.049). In the physical activity analysis, there was a negative association between moderate to vigorous physical activity and the sympathetic component (p=0.043), and for sedentary time (ST), there was a negative association with HF (p=0.049) and LF/HF (p=0.036) and a positive association with LF (p=0.014). For multiple linear regression, waist circumference (WC) and HOMA-IR values were negatively associated with HF (β = −0.685, p=0.010; β = −14.989, p=0.010; respectively). HOMA-IR (β = 0.141, p=0.003) and the percentage of lipids ingested (β = −0.030, p=0.043) were negatively associated with LF/HF. Conclusion. Among the cardiovascular risk variables studied, insulin resistance and central adiposity showed the greatest influence on cardiac autonomic modulation of obese, increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease.

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Suporte financeiro: Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG). Apoio financeiro por meio de bolsa de iniciação científica. RESUMO Introdução: o leite materno é o melhor alimento para a criança nos primeiros meses de vida, contribuindo para o crescimento e desenvolvimento adequado a curto e longo prazo. Objetivo: caracterizar o perfil das publicações brasileiras com a temática aleitamento materno. Método: trata-se de um estudo bibliométrico, com análise da produção do conhecimento científico de estudos conduzidos no país entre 2009 e 2013. As palavras-chave "breastfeeding and Brazil" na base de dados Pubmed e "aleitamento materno" no Scielo, Medline e Lilacs. Resultados: foram avaliadas 466 publicações, sendo que, entre os anos de 2009 e 2012, houve gradativo aumento do número. A temática mais prevalente foi "determinantes e fatores associados ao aleitamento materno/desmame" (33,9%). Identificaram-se 579 descritores entre os textos publicados, sendo aleitamento materno (397) e desmame (109) os mais citados. A maior parte dos artigos eram estudos quantitativos (n=301). A qualificação B1 foi a mais prevalente entre as revistas e a região Sudeste teve o maior número de publicações ao longo dos cinco anos. Destacam-se enfermeiros (28,5%), nutricionistas (21,7%) e médicos (15,1%) e predomínio de doutores (45,1%) e mestres (24,5%) entre os titulares das publicações. Conclusões: há relativa homogeneidade para os primeiros quatro anos do período estudado, com declínio no último ano da série. Apesar de a situação do aleitamento estar longe da ideal, foram conquistados avanços relativos à prática no país.