Artigo recebido em 10/12/2011 e aceito em 27/12/2011 R E S U M O Este artigo descreve a experiência da coalizão Adapta Sertão na experimentação e disseminação de sistemas produtivos que possam tornar o agricultor familiar do Semiárido mais resiliente aos impactos da variação climática atual e da mudança do clima no futuro. Durante as experimentações, a coalizão teve que enfrentar várias barreiras ligadas à falta de integração entre políticas públicas existentes e projetos pilotos em comunidades locais. Hoje, a adaptação à mudança do clima não está sendo considerada na implementação de obras hídricas de pequeno e médio porte, que são de grande importância porque, geralmente, conseguem beneficiar as faixas de população mais pobres e mais suscetíveis aos impactos climáticos. As experiências mostram que é preciso desenvolver, com urgência, políticas públicas inovadoras que consigam integrar o acesso à água com a disseminação de tecnologias de adaptação e de sistemas produtivos mais resilientes à seca.Palavras -chave: medidas de adaptação, agricultura familiar, semiárido, tecnologia. The experience of the Adapta Sertão Coalition in Disseminating Climate Change Adaptation Technologies and Strategies for Family Farmers in Semi Arid Brazil A B S T R A C TThis paper describes the experience of the Adapta Sertão coalition in testing and experimenting production systems that have the potential to make small farmers of semi-arid Brazil more resilient to current and future climate change impacts. During the different testing, the coalition had to overcome several barriers linked to a lack of integration between current public policies. For example, today climate change is not considered in the design and implementation of small and medium hydraulic infrastructures. This limits the benefits to the target groups (small farmers) that are more likely to be affected by climate change. The experiences show that it is urgent and necessary to develop public policies to better integrate access to water, dissemination of climate resilient technologies and implementation of production systems more adequate to the semi arid conditions.

Animals on pasture generally show higher feed efficiency as a result of the use of antibiotics. This study evaluated the effect of the antimicrobials salinomycin and/or virginiamycin on production and the ruminal parameters of supplemented dairy cows grazing on Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania. Twelve Holstein/Zebu multiparous cows were used, distributed in three Latin squares, one for the evaluation of ruminal parameters, and the others for production parameters. Cows on pasture were fed 50 % of their estimated intake with corn silage and concentrate supplements containing salinomycin, virginiamycin or a combination of additives, in doses of 120 and 150 mg kg −1 , respectively. There were no differences in milk production and composition, energy and nitrogen balance, dry matter digestibility and feeding behavior. However, salinomycin and virginiamycin each reduced pasture and total dry matter intake by about 14 % and 10 %, with a consequent improvement in feed efficiency.

Brasil é o quarto produtor mundial de leite com aumento de 15,9% na sua produção nos últimos cinco anos, apresentando potencial de se tornar o maior exportador mundial de leite. Para isso, é preciso produzir leite com baixo custo e alta qualidade. Minas Gerais é o maior produtor de leite, apresentando 27,3% da produção nacional. A produção de leite no Brasil é desenvolvida principalmente em sistemas de pastagens, o que confere ao leite produzido, baixo custo de produção. Todavia, sistemas de produção de bovinos leiteiros baseados apenas na utilização de pastagens tropicais não atendem a demanda para altas produções individuais e nem mesmo para médias produções. Estudos demonstram o potencial de produção de leite de pastagens intensivamente manejadas, possibilitando incremento da produção de leite por área e com a associação da utilização de alimentos concentrados maximização da produção de leite por vaca. A associação das duas técnicas de manejos possibilitam incremento na produção de leite de forma significativa.Palavras-chave: Concentrado, gramíneas tropicais, produção de leite, pastagem, vacas de leite. Supplementation strategies for dairy cows grazing on tropical grass during the rainyABSTRACT. Brazil is the fourth largest milk producer with 15.9% increase in its production in the last five years, showing potential to become the world's largest exporter of milk.However, for it is necessary to produce milk with low cost and high quality. Minas Gerais is the largest milk producer, with 27.3% of national production.Milk production in Brazil is developed mainly in pasture systems, which gives the milk produced, low production cost. However, production of dairy cattle based only on use of tropical pasture systems does not attend the high demand for individual productions or even for medium productions. Studies demonstrate the potential of milk production from intensively managed pastures, allowing increased milk production per area and the association with the use of feed concentrates maximizing milk production per cow. The combination of these twotechniques managements enables increase in milk production significantly.

Tadalafil (TDL) is the active ingredient of Cialis ® , one of the top selling drugs for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and very counterfeit worldwide. In this work, two amperometric methods are proposed for (1) determination and (2) screening of TDL in pharmaceutical products using a boron-doped diamond electrode assembled in a 3Dprinted Batch Injection Analysis cell. Cyclic voltammograms showed that TDL presented one irreversible oxidation and pH dependent process at about 1.0 V (vs Ag/AgCl) with maximum current in Britton-Robinson buffer pH 4.0. For the method 1, a constant potential of + 1.3 V was applied and, under optimized conditions, good linear range for TDL quantification (from 1.0 to 150.0 μmol L À 1), LOD of 1.0 μmol L À 1 (experimental), high repeatability (RSD = 1.9 %; n = 20) and good sample throughput (270 h À 1) were obtained. Method 1 was used for the determination of TDL in genuine and generic formulations, and the results were not statistically different from a comparative spectrophotometric method at a 95 % confidence level. In method 2, the multiple pulse amperometric detection (MPAD) was taken through the application of sequential potential pulses (+ 1.0, + 1.2 and + 1.5 V). The comparative profile of each sample was done after peak ratios from each amperogram (R 1 = i pa1.2V /i pa1.0V , R 2 = i pa1.5V /i pa1.2V , R 3 = i pa1.5V /i pa1.0V). This simple current normalization allowed the recognition of similar profiles between samples containing only TDL and differences between samples adulterated with other drugs (sildenafil, paracetamol, dipyrone, and caffeine). Finally, these methods are fast, use portable low-cost apparatus and unmodified electrodes. Such features are attractive for routine analysis in forensic and pharmaceutical sciences.

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