Introduction Telemedicine technologies are increasingly being incorporated into infectious disease practice. We aimed to demonstrate the impact of antimicrobial stewardship through telemedicine on bacterial resistance rates. Methods We conducted a quasi-experimental study in a 220-bed hospital in southern Brazil. An antimicrobial stewardship program incorporating the use of telemedicine was implemented. Resistance and antimicrobial consumption rates were determined and analysed using a segmented regression model. Results After the intervention, the rate of appropriate antimicrobial prescription increased from 51.4% at baseline to 81.4%. Significant reductions in the consumption of fluoroquinolones (level change, β = -0.80; P < 0.01; trend change, β = -0.01; P = 0.98), first-generation cephalosporins (level change, β = -0.91; P < 0.01; trend change, β = +0.01; P = 0.96), vancomycin (level change, β = -0.47; P = 0.04; trend change, β = +0.17; P = 0.66) and polymyxins (level change, β = -0.15; P = 0.56; trend change, β = -1.75; P < 0.01) were identified. There was an increase in the consumption of amoxicillin + clavulanate (level change, β = +0.84; P < 0.01; trend change, β = +0.14; P = 0.41) and cefuroxime (level change, β = +0.21; P = 0.17; trend change, β = +0.66; P = 0.02). A significant decrease in the rate of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter spp. isolation (level change, β = +0.66; P = 0.01; trend change, β = -1.26; P < 0.01) was observed. Conclusions Telemedicine, which provides a tool for decision support and immediate access to experienced specialists, can promote better antibiotic selection and reductions in bacterial resistance.

To the Editor-Novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) impacts on economic, social, and healthcare systems. Uncertainties regarding coronavirus disease (COVID-19) promote concerns in choosing the best therapeutic strategy. Several drugs with antiviral effects were prescribed to treat COVID-19, but scientific evidence is not conclusive regarding benefit. Unnecessary antimicrobial use may cause an increase in multidrug-resistant organisms. 1,2 It is necessary to consider actions to prevent consequences that SARS-CoV-2 may have on antimicrobial use. 1,2 Antibiotic stewardship is a strategy to promote the optimal use of antibiotics. SARS-CoV-2 probably changes the antibiotic consumption profile, and it is necessary to measure this difference. Thus, our goal was to evaluate the impact of the pandemic on antimicrobial usage patterns comparing cohorts of SARS-CoV-2-positive and SARS-CoV-2-negative patients admitted in specific hospital locations.

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