Objective: To analyze the scientific literature on neonatal ophthalmia and its relation to the type of delivery and prevention methods.Method: Systematic review and meta-analysis with quantitative and qualitative approach based on the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook. The databases were searched SciELO, LILACS and ME-DLINE/PubMed with use of descriptors in Decs neonatal ophthalmia, conjunctivitis, endophthalmitis and newborns and their descriptors in English present in the MeSH with the inclusion of case reports. Publications were selected between 2004 and 2014 in any language, complete with newborns and individuals diagnosed with neonatal ophthalmia. Studies were excluded if they had no information on the type of delivery and prevention methods. Results:The relationship between vaginal and cesarean delivery have little statistical significance, while significant, when referring to the presence or absence of ophthalmia with OddsRatio (OR) 1.6, and confidence interval (CI) CI (0.168-15.2) and its relationship with preventive method (OR) 10.5 with CI (0.668 to 165.1). The overall result is not statistically significant although it may be considered presenting (OR) of 2.6 with IC (0.753 to 9.278) . Conclusion:There is a significant relationship between mode of delivery, prevention and ophthalmia, the overall outcome of the metaanalysis demonstrated little negativity statistics which should be related to types of studies and quantities available that present enough reduced, highlighting the need for further studies.