OBJETIVO: Avaliar a freqüência das incidências radiográficas realizadas nos seios da face de pacientes pediátricos em hospitais de Belo Horizonte, MG, as condições de radioproteção, as técnicas radiográficas empregadas, o kerma no ar de entrada e as doses nos órgãos mais expostos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram coletados os dados dos pacientes e parâmetros de técnica radiográfica empregados em exames de crianças de 1 a 16 anos de idade, em cinco salas de quatro hospitais da cidade, observando, também, aspectos de proteção radiológica. O kerma no ar de entrada foi estimado a partir dos rendimentos dos tubos de raios-x e as doses nos órgãos utilizando o software PCXMC. RESULTADOS: Os valores médios do kerma no ar de entrada para as cinco salas foram, respectivamente, 1.398 µGy, 829 µGy, 877 µGy, 1.168 µGy e 3.886 µGy para pacientes entre 1 e 5 anos de idade. CONCLUSÃO: Foi constatado que as incidências mento-naso e fronto-naso são comumente solicitadas em conjunto, na maioria dos hospitais, o que confere dose significativa para os pacientes. Os riscos para os pacientes podem ser diminuídos mediante a utilização de cilindros de colimação, a não-utilização de grades antiespalhamento, o emprego de altos valores de tensão e baixos valores de tempo.
Introduction: Acid Nucleic aptamers are short single-stranded oligonucleotides that display high affinity and selectivity for a given target. Aptamers contain many features that are advantageous for radiopharmaceuticals development. Peptidoglycan is a cell wall polymer common to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In the present study, the potential of two peptidoglycan aptamers for bacterial infection foci identification was evaluated.Material and methods: The peptidoglycan aptamers were labeled with 99m Tc by the direct method and the stability of each 99m Tc-aptamer complex was evaluated in saline, plasma and in presence of cysteine. The aptamers degradation by plasma nucleases was also assessed. Bacterial-infected (Staphylococcus aureus) mice and fungalinfected mice (Candida albicans) were used for the ex vivo biodistribution studies with the 99m Tc-aptamers.Results and discussion: The aptamers were not degraded by plasma nucleases. High radiolabel yields were obtained by the direct method and the complexes were stable in presence of saline and plasma. Some trans chelation was observed in the presence of cysteine. The 99m Tc-pepdigoglycan aptamers uptake in the bacterial infection foci were significantly higher than the control (a radiolabeled oligonucleotide library) and their uptake in the fungal infection model.
Conclusion:Both radiolabeled peptidoglycan aptamers present specific uptake in the bacterial infection foci highlighting the potential of these molecules as radiotracer for bacterial infection.
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