Indigenous territorial claims are a long-standing concern in the history of Latin America. Land and nature have profound meaning in indigenous thinking, which is neither totally understood nor legitimized by the rest of society. This article is aimed at shedding light on this matter by examining the meanings at stake in the territorial claims of the Mapuche people. The Mapuche are an indigenous group in Chile, who are striving to recover their ancestral land. This analysis will be based on the concept of Umwelt, coined by von Uexküll to refer to the way in which species interpret their world in connection with the meaning-making process. Considering the applications of Umwelt to the human being, the significance assigned to land and nature by the Mapuche people emerges as a system of meaning that persists over time and promotes interdependence between people and the environment. On the other hand, the territorial claim of the Mapuche movement challenges the fragmentation between individuals and their space, echoing proposals from human geography that emphasize the role of people in the constitution of places.

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ResumenIntroducción: a más de dos décadas de la introducción del concepto de salud intercultural en América Latina, su definición no está clara, pues ha adquirido diferentes significados dependiendo de su uso.Existen tensiones entre la tendencia a reducir la salud intercultural a la conciliación entre la biomedicina y la medicina indígena, y una perspectiva crítica que hace visible las inequidades entre ambas.Este estudio tuvo por objetivo comprender el concepto de salud intercultural, desde la visión de dos comunidades mapuche que han implementado programas de salud intercultural y que mantienen acciones de reivindicación de derechos indígenas. Desarrollo: se realizó un estudio cualitativo. Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a usuarios mapuche, profesionales de salud, facilitadores interculturales e informantes clave de las comunas de Cañete y Tirúa. Esta información se analizó mediante un análisis temático. Los hallazgos acerca de la visión de la salud intercultural se agruparon en cuatro temas: atender las necesidades de salud más urgentes de la comunidad; respetar al usuario y su cultura; respetar el sistema de salud indígena; y respetar los derechos colectivos del pueblo mapuche. Conclusiones: la salud intercultural se considera un enfoque que debe asegurar la atención de calidad, la participación de la comunidad y el respeto a la salud tradicional. En esta, los derechos de los pueblos indígenas son la piedra angular. En un contexto marcado por la inequidad y la discriminación hacia los pueblos indígenas, la complementariedad entre sistemas médicos no es un tema prioritario.Palabras clave: asistencia sanitaria culturalmente competente; población indígena; derechos de los pueblos indígenas; política de salud. AbstractIntroduction: More than two decades after the introduction of the concept intercultural health in Latin America, its definition is not clear, as it has acquired different meanings depending on its use. There are tensions between the tendency to reduce intercultural health to the conciliation between biomedicine and indigenous medicine, and a critical perspective that makes visible the inequalities between the two. The aim of this study was to understand the concept of intercultural health from the perspective of two Mapuche communities that have implemented intercultural health programs that maintain actions to claim indigenous rights. Content: This is a qualitative study. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with Mapuche users, health professionals, intercultural facilitators, and key informants in the cities of Cañete and Tirúa. This information was analyzed through thematic analysis.The findings on the vision of intercultural health were grouped into four themes: addressing the most urgent health needs of the community, respecting the user and their culture, respecting the indigenous health system, and respecting the collective rights of the Mapuche people. Conclusions: Intercultural health is seen as an approach that must ensure quality care, ...

The Mapuche people are a native group from the extreme south of Latin America. Their culture is based on the interconnectedness between the cohabitants of the environment, including human and non-human categories of life. The closest concept to consciousness for them would be Mapuche rakizuamor Mapuche thinking, which is defined as a particular kind of reflexivity or state of awareness of the interdependence of people with natural and spiritual entities. This understanding of the human condition represents a relational ontology, which cannot be translated to the predominating individualistic approach. Although the mind–body distinction is not a central point within Mapuche culture, these dimensions can be explored through crucial processes of the life cycle such as socialization, illness, and death. Contributions from cultural psychology and Indigenous psychology are taken into account regarding the challenge to address the interplay between culture and the human psyche more appropriately.