Precision medicine plays a key role in urological oncology practice nowadays, with the breakthrough of the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi), which play a critical role in different DNA damage repair (DDR) pathways, the immune checkpoint inhibitors, the genomic expression profiles and current genome manipulation-directed targeted therapy. Information and technology (IT) are set to change the way we assess and treat patients and should be reviewed and discussed. The aim of the present article is to demonstrate a detailed revision on precision medicine, including novel therapeutic targets, genomic markers, genomic stratification of urological patients, and the top-notch technological breakthroughs that could change our clinical practiceWe performed a review of the literature in four different databases (PubMed, Embase, Lilacs, and Scielo) on any information concerning prostate, bladder, kidney and urothelial cancer novel treatments with PARPi, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), targeted therapy with fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors (FGFRi), and theranostics with prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted monoclonal antibodies. Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning algorithm in urological practice were also part of the search. We included all articles written in English, published within the past 7 years, that discussed outstanding therapies and genomics in urological cancer and artificial intelligence applied to urology. Meanwhile, we excluded articles with lack of a clear methodology and written in any other language than English.One-hundred and twenty-six articles of interest were found; of these, 65 articles that presented novel treatments of urological neoplasms, discussed precision medicine, genomic expression profiles and biomarkers in urology, and latest deep learning and machine learning algorithms as well as the use of artificial intelligence in urological practice were selected. A critical review of the literature is presented in the present article.Urology is a constantly changing specialty with a wide range of therapeutic breakthroughs, a huge understanding of the genomic expression profiles for each urological cancer and a tendency to use cutting-edge technology to treat our patients. All of these major developments must be analyzed objectively, taking into account costs to the health systems, risks and benefits to the patients, and the legal background that comes with them. A critical analysis of these new technologies and pharmacological breakthroughs should be made before considering changing our clinical practice. Nowadays, research needs to be strengthened to help us improve results in assessing and treating our patients.
O papel do psicólogo no contexto hospitalar vai além das expectativas de cura, contribuindo na relação do paciente. Objetivo: realizar uma escuta clínica e psicológica aos pacientes internados, investigando os motivos da internação. Metodologia: utiliza-se um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturado que coleta dados pessoais, explora os motivos da internação, a história pregressa da doença e da sua vida. Resultados e Discussão: No período de agosto a novembro de 2013 foram realizadas 44 entrevistas, sendo 35 pacientes e 9 acompanhantes. Ressalta-se que em alguns casos o acompanhante estava presente no momento da intervenção psicológica e participava da mesma. Observa-se que a situação de hospitalização é vivida de forma muito particular por cada indivíduo. Conclui-se que o trabalho da Psicologia na Clínica Médica permite que os pacientes sejam ouvidos a partir de uma escuta diferenciada por parte do estagiário, para que possam deixar o hospital fortalecido e buscando sua recuperação.
RESUMOSão notórias as queixas de professores brasileiros relacionadas aos comportamentos dos alunos. Diante disso, realizou-se intervenção cujo objetivo foi discutir, em grupo, temas de interesse de jovens e possibilitar um espaço de escuta psicopedagógica. Ela foi realizada em uma escola pública de ensino médio, com 30 estudantes de ambos os sexos, nível socioeconômico D e idade entre 15 e 17 anos. Foram abordados os temas ética, sexualidade, universidade, família e bullying. Os resultados evidenciaram: 1) os participantes passaram a refletir sobre o modelo familiar idealizado e o efetivamente vivido; 2) teceram críticas aos docentes por causa do desinteresse de tais profissionais pelo processo educativo; 3) passaram a desejar o ingresso na universidade; 4) elucidaram assuntos atinentes à sexualidade; e 5) deixaram de considerar o bullying um conjunto de brincadeiras inocentes. Concluiu-se, assim, que a Psicopedagogia ético-construtivista possibilita aos escolares a reflexão acerca de assuntos relacionados à própria vida. Palavras-chave:Adolescentes. Ensino médio. Psicologia ética. Psicologia escolar. Psicopedagogia ético-construtivista. ABSTRACTComplaints by Brazilian teachers related to student behavior are notorious. Given this, we have conducted an intervention aimed at discussing, as a group, issues of interest to young people and provide a psych-pedagogic listening space. It took place in a public (high) secondary school, with 30 students of both sexes, aged 15 to 17 years, of a D socioeconomic level.The issues ethics, sexuality, university, family, and bullying were addressed. Results evidenced that: (i) participants began to reflect on the idealized family model and the one actually experienced; (ii) criticized teachers for their lack of interest in the educational process; (iii) the desire to attend college; (iv)elucidated matters of sexuality; (v) they no longer consider bullying a set of innocent jokes. It was concluded, therefore, that Ethical Constructivist Psycho-pedagogy enables students to reflect on issues related to their own life and life itself.Son notorias las quejas de profesores brasileños relacionadas con el comportamiento de los alumnos. Ante eso, se realizó una intervención con el objetivo de discutir, en grupo, temas de interés de jóvenes y posibilitar un espacio de escucha psicopedagógica. Ella fue realizada en una escuela pública de Secundaria, con 30 estudiantes de ambos sexos, nivel socioeconómico D y edad entre 15 y 17 años. Fueran abordados los temas ética, sexualidad, drogas, universidad, familia y bullying. Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto que: 1) los participantes pasaron a reflexionar sobre el modelo familiar idealizado y el efectivamente vivido; 2) hicieron críticas a los maestros debido a la falta de interés de estos profesionales en el proceso educativo; 3) pasaron a desear el ingreso en la universidad; 4) aclararon asuntos referentes a la sexualidad; y 5) dejaron de considerar el bullying un conjunto de bromas inocentes. Se concluye, así, que la Psicopedagogía Ético-...
-SP. Pesquisa Financiada pela FAPESP (nº processo: 2012/22136-9). RESUMOOs trabalhos psicanalíticos desenvolvidos na Europa a partir da década 1950 sobre a observação e intervenção da relação mãe e bebê tiveram influência no Brasil. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo compreender, a repercussão que os diferentes modelos psicanalíticos dedicados a observação e intervenção da relação pais-bebê exerceram junto a psicanálise brasileira. Valendose de um método histórico, foi realizado o levantamento da produção de artigos nacionais sobre a observação e intervenção da relação mãe e bebê na base de dados BVS Psi, nas duas últimas décadas. Os resultados indicam a existência de 42 artigos que foram analisados e delimitados em 4 categorias: Estudos teóricos epistemológicos, Variações do método Esther Bick, Práticas de Intervenção na relação mãe e bebê na clínica ampliada e Pesquisas sobre características da relação mãe bebê. Conclui-se que os trabalhos relativos a relação mãe-bebê desenvolvidos na Europa tiveram repercussão na psicanálise brasileira, influenciando, sobretudo, pesquisas e práticas institucionais em diferentes contextos. Palavras-chave: Psicanálise, Relação mãe e bebê, História, Intervenção, Observação. CLINICAL REPERCUSSION OF PSYCHOANALYTICS OBSERVATION PRATICS OF MOTHER BABY RELATIONSHIP AT BRAZILIAN CONTEXT ABSTRACTThe psychoanalytic works developed in Europe starting on 1950 decade about the observation and intervention of the mother and baby relationship had influence in Brazil, withal the last decades. This work had the purpose to comprehend the repercussion that different psychoanalytic models dedicated to observation and the intervention of dad-baby relationship exercised with the Brazilian psychoanalysis. Based on a historic method, a national articles production survey was made about observation and intervention of mother-baby relationship on Psi BVS database, on the past 2 decades. The results indicates the existence of 42 articles that was analyzed and delimitated in 4 principals categories: Epistemological theoretical studies, Esther Bick variations methods, Intervention practices on mother and baby relationship in expanded clinics and searches about the mother and baby relationship characteristics. Conclude that the works about the mother-baby relationship developed in Europe had repercussion on the Brazilian psychoanalyze, influencing, withal, institutional searches and practices in different contexts.
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