Objetivo: Identificar, a partir da compreensão de gestores e profissionais de saúde, as dificuldades e desafios, potencialidades e facilidades encontradas na Atenção à Saúde Integral de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais, no município do Recife. Métodos: É uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória, com metodologia qualitativa, realizada com entrevistas semiestruturadas, colhidas de gestores e profissionais de quatro estabelecimentos de saúde que direcionam ações voltadas para população LGBT, tanto a nível de gestão, quanto assistencial. As entrevistas foram realizadas de maneira individual, gravadas, e posteriormente transcritas. A análise dos dados coletados foi feita através da Análise de Discurso, da qual emergiu duas categorias temáticas: conhecimento sobre a Política de Saúde Integral a População LGBT e o entendimento sobre a Atenção à Saúde Integral a população LGBT. Resultados: A análise dos dados coletados foi feita através da Análise de Discurso, da qual emergiu duas categorias temáticas: conhecimento sobre a Política de Saúde Integral a População LGBT e o entendimento sobre a Atenção à Saúde Integral a população LGBT. Conclusão: Foi possível conhecer a percepção dos entrevistados, tornando visível as necessidades de direcionar ações mais amplas a população LGBT, preenchendo algumas lacunas na construção da Atenção Integral à Saúde, desde acolhimento, acesso aos serviços de saúde, a qualidade do atendimento oferecida, tornando o estudo com profissionais de saúde e gestores praticamente pioneiro na produção cientifica brasileira.

Important genomic imprinting changes usually occur following the in vitro production (IVP) of bovine embryos, especially in the imprinting pattern of components of the IGF system. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a transient episomal overexpression of the IGF2 gene in bovine IVP embryos following embryo cytoplasmic microinjection (CMI) at the 1‐cell stage on embryo survival, early and late developmental kinetics and morphological quality up to Day 7 of development. Selected cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured and fertilized in vitro and subsequently segregated into six experimental groups: non‐CMI control group and five CMI groups at increasing doses (0, 10, 20, 40 and 80 ng/μl) of a GFP vector built for the episomal expression of bovine IGF2. Zygote CMI was effective in delivering the expression vector into the ooplasm, irrespective of the groups, with 58% of positive GFP fluorescence in Day 7 blastocysts. Considering developmental rates and late embryo kinetics, the 10‐ng/μl CMI vector dose promoted a lower blastocyst rate (10.4%), but for blastocysts at more advanced stages of development (93.0% blastocysts and expanded blastocysts), and higher number of cells (116.0 ± 3.0) than non‐CMI controls (23.3%, 75.0% and 75.0 ± 6.8 were obtained, respectively). In conclusion, CMI at the 1‐cell stage did not compromise subsequent in vitro development of surviving embryos, with the 10‐ng/μl group demonstrating a possible growth‐promoting effect of the IGF2 gene on embryo development, from the 1‐cell to the blastocyst stage.

Two experiments evaluated the addition of an exogenous sfericase protease in broiler diets. Experiments were run (Exp1 and Exp2) with 1,848 and 2,100 one-day-old male chicks being allocated into 84 floor pens with 14 replicates of 22 and 25 birds each, respectively. The studies were conducted in completely randomized designs. In Exp1, Standard diets were formulated with energy and AA at marginally lower levels than usual by the Brazilian integration such that broilers were expected to grow at comparatively reduced rates to the industry whereas in Exp2, the Standard diets were formulated using energy and AA as usual by the Brazilian integrations such that broilers were expected to grow comparable to industry rates. Standard diets had ideally balanced amino acids (AA). Matrix diets, in contrast, had reductions of 6% digestible lysine and of 20 kcal AME/kg compared to the Standard. Matrix diets were supplemented with an sfericase protease at 0, 10,000, and 30,000 New Feed Protease units (NFP)/kg. Outcomes showed no interaction between diet and protease in any of the experiments. However, broilers fed Standard diets had higher cumulative body weight gain (BWG) to 35 and 42 d when compared to Matrix fed birds whereas FCR were worse for birds fed the Matrix diets at 35 d in EXP1 and at 35 and 42 d in EXP2. Improvements in FCR were observed when the sfericase protease was added throughout all ages in EXP1 with a beneficial trend (P<0.067) observed in the cumulative FCR at 42 d in EXP2. The ileal digestible crude protein (IDCP) was significantly higher for birds fed Standard feeds in EXP1 with no other differences in digestibility found in any of the experiments. Protease addition led to improvements in ileal digestibility of dry matter (IDM) and IDCP (P < 0.05) compared to no protease addition in EXP1 as well as in ileal digestibility of energy (IDE) when 30,000 protease units were added. The present report demonstrates that the novel sfericase protease was successful in compensate broiler performance when reductions of 6% digestible Lys and 20 kcal/kg AME were imposed. This compensation, however, seemed more notable when birds were fed diets formulated to support moderate rather than maximum growth and having animal protein in the feed formula.

No abstract

Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) is a pleiotropic hormone encoded by an imprinted gene expressed in the paternal allele of mammals, and acts in physiological responses including cell proliferation, differentiation, and development. It is mediated through the IGF1R signalling pathway, whereas the IGF2R, a maternally imprinted gene, acts on lysosomal IGF2 degradation. As imprinted genes, both Igf2 and Igf2r expressions are more susceptible to dysregulation by environmental factors. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of exposure of 8-cell-stage murine embryos to 16 MPa of high gaseous pressure (HGP) on the relative Igf2 and Igf2r mRNA abundance in resulting blastocysts following in vitro culture (IVC). Day-3 embryos were recovered from superovulated Mus musculus domesticus females. Eight-cell embryos were exposed to 16 MPa HGP for either 2 h (P1 group) or 4 h (P2 group), with a Control group not exposed to HGP. Immediately after recovery or HGP exposure, embryos were in vitro-cultured for 48 h in mKSOM medium supplemented with 0.4% BSA at 37.5°C, 5% CO2, 5% O2, 90% N2, and saturated humidity. Resulting blastocysts were collected in pools of 10 and stored at –80°C, pending analysis. Following total mRNA extraction, cDNA syntesis and RT-qPCR were performed according to manufacturers. Values were normalized to the internal control Ppia gene. Relative gene expression was calculated using the 2−ΔΔ Ct approach. Blastocyst rates after IVC were compared by the Chi-squared test (P < 0.05), with relative Igf2 and Igf2r expression data and Igf:Igf2r ratio analysed by ANOVA, after log-transformation when needed, with pairwise comparisons done by the Tukey test (P < 0.05). No differences in blastocyst rates after IVC were observed among groups (Control: 94.2%; P1: 95.4%; P2: 94.1%). However, the Igf2 mRNA relative abundances in blastocysts were 6.3- and 4.2-fold lower in P1 (P < 0.01) and P2 (P = 0.07) than in the Control group, respectively. Likewise, the Igf2r relative transcription levels were 6.6- and 2.2-fold down-regulated in blastocysts from the P1 (P < 0.001) and P2 (P < 0.01) groups, respectively, when compared with controls. Although the relative expression for both genes followed a down-regulation pattern in blastocysts exposed to HGP at the 8-cell stage, the Igf2:Igf2r ratio was 1.9-fold lower in blastocysts in the P2 group (P < 0.05) than Controls, which was similar to the P1 group, indicating a potential stress adaptation response for embryo growth and development after exposure to HGP in the P1 group. It is known that cells under certain conditions of stress may halter growth and development as a response to initiate cellular events to maintain viability. Results from this study appear to translate such response process to HGP in both experimental groups. However, as embryo development and the Igf2:Igf2r ratio in embryos were similar between the Control and the P1 group, exposure to 16 MPa HGP for 2 h at the 8-cell-stage embryo does not seem to affect cell signalling to growth and proliferation up to the blastocyst stage.