El principal objetivo de este estudio es explorar las conexiones etnomatemáticas establecidas por estudiantes de séptimo año básico del sur de Chile cuando participan en una secuencia etnomatemática basada en la pesca. La metodología es cualitativa y es desarrollada en tres etapas: 1) exploración de conexiones etnomatemáticas entre la pesca y el currículo nacional de matemáticas, 2) propuesta para el diseño de secuencias etnomatemáticas, y 3) exploración de conexiones etnomatemáticas en las producciones de los estudiantes obtenidas a partir de la implementación de un taller. Los resultados muestran que los estudiantes utilizan conocimientos matemáticos similares a los que utilizan los pescadores cuando crean problemas relacionados con las profundidades del mar. Estos problemas involucran números enteros y resuelven situaciones que consideran ubicación y desplazamiento según puntos de referencia. Se concluye que los estudiantes se apropian de los conocimientos matemáticos inmersos en la actividad de la pesca y utilizan estas conexiones etnomatemáticas para plantear y resolver tareas matemáticas.

Each student has their own characteristics and way of doing 3D geometric thinking. The way of thinking that students do influences the resulting understanding of the concept of 3D geometry. Therefore, this study aims to investigate students' geometric thinking based on the level of achievement of students in completing the 3D geometric thinking ability test (3D GTA). This study uses an exploratory case study design. The participants who voluntarily participated were 33 junior high school students (14 boys, 19 girls) in one of the schools in Indramayu Regency, Indonesia. Data obtained from the process of observation, tests, interviews, and documentation were analyzed qualitatively using Atlas. ti 8 software. The findings revealed that students with low 3D GTA achievements experienced difficulties in representing and calculating the surface area and volume of 3D shapes. In addition, students with moderate 3D GTA achievements experienced difficulties in representing 3D shapes but were able to translate 2D shapes from 3D shapes. Furthermore, students with high 3D GTA achievements experienced difficulties in calculating the surface area and volume of 3D shapes, but were able to use appropriate formulas and were able to interpret the comparisons of 3D geometric shapes well. The results of this study have implications for helping teachers identify student characteristics in understanding the concept of 3D geometry and connections with 2D geometry.