Genetically engineered crops were first commercialized in 1994 and since then have been rapidly adopted, enabling growers to more effectively manage pests and increase crop productivity while ensuring food, feed, and environmental safety. The development of these crops is complex and based on rigorous science that must be well coordinated to create a plant with desired beneficial phenotypes. This article describes the general process by which a genetically engineered crop is developed from an initial concept to a commercialized product.

School cafeterias are a significant source of food waste and represent an ideal opportunity for diverting food waste from landfills. In this study, cafeteria waste audits were conducted at three Florida schools. Food waste comprised the largest fraction of school cafeteria waste streams, ranging from 47% to 58%, followed by milk, paper products (tissue, milk cartons, pasteboard, paper plates, and cardboard), and plastics (plastic wrap, packaging, and utensils). Metal and glass comprised the smallest fraction of the waste stream. Average total waste generation ranged from 50.5 to 137.6 g·student . There are two primary approaches to diverting school food waste from landfills: reduction and recycling. Food waste can be reduced through educating students and staff in order to change behaviors that cause food waste. Food waste can be collected and recycled through composting or anaerobic digestion in order to generate beneficial end products, including soil amendments and bioenergy. Over 75% of the cafeteria waste measured in this study could be recycled in this manner.

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1 Resumen Esta investigación se realizó con el objetivo de identificar tipos de fincas en el área de influencia del trasvase Santa Elena, dentro de la Provincia de Santa Elena-Ecuador. La metodología desarrollada fue la propuesta por la Red Internacional de Metodologías de Investigación de Sistemas de Producción (RIMISP), utilizando herramientas estadísticas propias del análisis multivariado; con una muestra de n= 85 fincas de un total de 472 fincas existentes. Los resultados identificaron 5 componentes principales en el que están inmersas 18 variables: 12 cuantitativas y 6 cualitativas. Se determinó la existencia de 2 fincas tipo con marcadas diferencias entre ellas. En los componentes: económico familiar y social se presentaron altas significancias estadísticas para todas las variables. Los componentes: agrícolas y de tecnología y gestión, no presentaron diferencias altamente significativas para las variables, y para el componente tipo de producción, se presentaron altas diferencias significativas en la variable sistema de producción dominante, pero no se presentaron diferencias significativas para la variable factores condicionantes de la producción. Se espera que estos resultados sirvan para que los organismos pertinentes en la provincia de Santa Elena implementen estrategias para cada grupo de fincas con el objetivo de lograr la eficiencia del trasvase. Abstract This research was conducted to identify farms types around the water transfer system facility at Province of Santa Elena, Ecuador. An International Network Systems Research Methodology for Production Systems (or RIMISP in Spanish) was utilized along with multivariate analysis. A sample of 85 farms from a total of 472 was chosen. The results identified 5 main components with 18 embedded variables: 12 quantitative and 6 qualitative. The existence of 2 types of farms was determined with marked differences between them. For components: economic-social and family both presented a high statistical significance on all variables. For components: agricultural and technology and management, it did not show highly significant differences on variables. For production component, highly significant differences were found in the variable of dominant production system, but no significant differences for the variable factors presented for conditions of production. It is expected that these results would be of help for regulating agencies in the province in order to implement strategies for each group of farms with the aim of achieving water transfer efficiency.