The low FODMAP diet delivered in routine clinical practice seems effective in improving satisfaction with, and severity of, FGS in IBD. Randomized controlled trials are warranted to definitively establish effectiveness.

At the relatively high doses used, fructans, but not GOS or sorbitol, exacerbated FGS in quiescent IBD. Further research is required to determine whether a low FODMAP diet reduces FGS in IBD and the degree of FODMAP restriction required for symptom improvement.

Many probiotics have been used safely in patients receiving nutritional support, although some probiotic products (strains or combinations) have been shown to increase the risk of complications in specific patient groups.