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The composition of the essential oils obtained from the air-dried Teucrium chamaedrys L. subsp. chamaedrys, Teucrium orientale L. var. puberulens, and Teucrium chamaedrys L. subsp. lydium (Lamiaceae) were analyzed by GC-MS. Thirty-six, 35, and 33 components were identified in the essential oils, and germacrene D (16.7%) was the most abundant constituent in T. chamaedrys subsp. chamaedrys, and b-caryophyllene was the most abundant component in both T. orientale var. puberulens and T. chamaedrys subsp. lydium in the ratios 21.7% and 19.7%, respectively. The isolated essential oils of the plants were tested for antimicrobial activity and showed moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but no antifungal activity was observed against two yeast-like fungi.

The chemical composition of the chloroform extracts of flowers, stems, and roots of Tripleurospermum callosum (Boiss. & Heldr) E. Hossain growing along the northeastern coast of Turkey was studied by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS). The GC-MS analyses of the chloroform extracts from air-dried parts of T. callosum yielded the identification of 93 compounds. These compounds were separated into eight classes that were terpenes-terpenoids, hydrocarbons, alcohols, acids, oxygen-containing compounds, steroids, aromatics, and others. Major compounds were moretenol (11.71%) in flower oil: linoleic acid (16.18%), n-hexadecanoic acid (17.88%), and 1-tricosene (13.41%) in stem oil: and n-hexadecanoic acid (6.18%) in root oil. Similarity, of chloroform extracts in flowers, stems, and roots of T. callosum were in the ratio of 13.77%, 45.99%, and 30.16%, respectively.

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Nine new thiazachalcone-based drugs, compounds 1 -9, were prepared and fully characterized. The configurations of the photochemical-dimerization products 7 -9 were rationalized by semi-empirical calculations. Both the experimental data and the theoretical calculations showed that the d-truxinic acid type dimer is the most stable isomer of all. All compounds were tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activities. The N-alkylated congeners 4 -6 showed strong antimicrobial activities against various bacteria and a yeast-like fungus. The MIC and MBC values were as low as 0.1 mg/ml. All the compounds were active against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus.