The peripheral nerves of stroke patients seem to be affected--morphologically and electrophysiologically--on the paretic side.

Hand blood flow was lower on the paretic side and was accompanied by a similar decrease in SSR amplitudes in patients with right-sided hemiparesis.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the short-term effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on glenohumeral subluxation (GHS) in stroke patients. Patients and methods:This prospective, randomized-controlled study included 24 unilateral hemiplegic patients (10 males, 14 females; mean age 64.1±14.8 years; range 22 to 84 years) with GHS as assessed by ultrasonography between December 2013 and September 2014. The patients were randomly divided into two groups as those in the NMES group (n=12) who were treated with NMES to supraspinatus, upper trapezius, and posterior deltoid muscles combined with conventional physiotherapy and as those in the control group (n=12) who were received conventional physiotherapy alone. Clinical (the Brunnstrom Motor Recovery Stage, Visual Analog Scale [VAS] for Pain and Shoulder Disability Questionnaire [SDQ]) and ultrasonographic (acromion-greater tuberosity distance, thicknesses of supraspinatus, upper trapezius, and posterior deltoid muscles) variables were evaluated before and after treatment in both groups. Results:The SDQ index, acromion-greater tuberosity distance, and supraspinatus muscle thickness were improved in the NMES group, compared to the control group (for all p<0.05). The VAS-pain scores decreased in both groups. There was no statistically significant alterations in the other measurements in both groups (for all p>0.05). The percentage change (%) of the VAS-pain scores was not significantly different between two groups (p=0.03). Conclusion:Our study results showed that GHS decreased after 20 sessions of NMES treatment. Based on these findings, ultrasonography appears to be a proper imaging tool for the evaluation of GHS in stroke patients.

Study design: Cross-sectional, controlled study. Objective: To evaluate the sciatic nerves of subjects with spinal cord injury (SCI) by using ultrasound (US) imaging and to explore whether US measurements are associated with clinical and electrophysiological findings. Setting: National Rehabilitation Center in Ankara, Turkey. Methods: Fifteen SCI subjects (12 male (M), 3 female (F)) and 23 (16 M, 7 F) healthy controls were included in the study. After clinical assessment of the subjects, lower limb nerve conduction studies and US imaging of the sciatic nerves were performed. Crosssectional area (CSA) values of the sciatic nerves were correlated with the clinical and electrophysiologic data. Results: Mean CSA values were lower in the patient group when compared with the control group (P = 0.042). Reduced compound motor action potentials regarding tibial and peroneal nerves were observed in the patient group (P = 0.003 and P = 0.005, respectively). US measurements did not correlate with the electrophysiological findings. However, sciatic nerve CSA values were positively correlated with body mass index in the control (r = 0.534, Po0.05) and patient (r = 0.482, Po0.05) groups. Conclusion: Sciatic nerves seem to be smaller in subjects with SCI. Together with our electrophysiological data, this preliminary finding could possibly be attributed to primary axonal loss.