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This case study uses data from a Southern California Edison residential customer on a grandfathered tiered rate plan to investigate 1) whether it was economically beneficial for the customer to have installed solar panels, and 2) what level of usage offset (the percentage of the customer's annual electricity consumption that is provided by the solar panels) would have resulted in the maximum financial return for the customer. We find that solar panels are an excellent investment for this customer, and that the ideal usage offset for this customer (and others on the tiered rate plans) is 100%. That is, the savings are maximized when the solar panels produce 100% of the customers' annual electricity consumption.

In organizations, conflict revolves around the use of shared resources. Research on property rights, territoriality, and social dilemmas suggests that to reduce such conflict, organizations could facilitate the psychological privatization of commons resources. We introduce a model that helps understand how psychologically privatizing organizational commons resources—to prevent the overuse problem of the tragedy of the commons (Hardin, G. Science, 162, 1968, 1243)—can lead to the emergence of another resource dilemma. We develop a model that illustrates how resource complexity and group complexity increase psychological marking and defending behaviors. These behaviors potentially lead to a problem of resource underuse—a tragedy of the anticommons (Heller, M. A. Harvard Law Review, 111, 1998, 621)—in organizational settings. The conceptual model, integrating insights from research on property rights, territoriality, and social dilemmas with law and social psychology, provides a bottom‐up behavioral explanation of the emergence of the tragedy of the anticommons in organizations and outlines opportunities for future research.

This study examined the effect of poison pill adoption on long term and short earnings forecasts by security analysts. Our results provide no evidence of significant revisions in one-year or five-year earnings forecasts following the adoption of poison pills. We do find evidence, however, that firms adopt poison pills following a period of significant negative revisions in earnings forecasts. Our results suggest that poison pill adoptions may be a response to downward revisions in earnings forecasts

This paper examines some trends in residential solar panel installations in California. First, we look at the growth in residential solar panel installations in the state and changes in consumption per account. Next, we examine aspects of the proposed changes to the net metering program in the state. Politicians, the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC), investor owned utility (IOU) companies and other public interest groups are currently involved in a contentious debate on the future of residential solar panel installations in the state of California. The major California IOUs, Pacific Gas and Electric (PG&E), Southern California Edison (SCE), San Diego Gas and Electric (SDGE), and others have argued that solar panel installations favor wealthier residential customers at the expense of less wealthy customers. The basis of the argument is that under the current rate structure those with the financial resources to install solar panels are able to avoid paying their share of the fixed costs incurred by utility companies which results in a disproportionate burden on less wealthy customers. IOUs have asked for permission to charge solar customers large additional monthly fees. Some have even called for all the grandfathering protections granted to early solar adopters under the previous and current net metering programs (NEM 1.0 and NEM 2.0) to be withdrawn. Solar companies and residential solar customers have maintained that such moves would destroy the solar industry in the state, cause thousands of job losses, and most importantly, prevent the state from making progress towards its stated carbon neutrality goals. Given this ongoing debate, it is important to examine whether there exists a wealth difference between residential customers in California who have and have not installed solar panels. As an extension of this research, we also went about determining whether climatic conditions impact the solar panel adoption rates. While California is a huge state with varied climatic zones and several utility companies, we focus our analysis on residential customers of SCE who reside in Orange County. The findings and conclusions are generalizable to residential How to cite this paper: Ybarra, C. E.,