Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis of renal origin results from a defect in renal tubular acidification mechanism, and this tubular dysfunction can consist of an altered tubular proton secretion or bicarbonate reabsorption capability. Studies have documented that all forms of renal tubular acidosis (RTA), type I to IV, are documented in kidney transplant patients. Among RTA pathophysiologic mechanisms have been described such as renal mass reduction, hyperkalemia, hyperparathyroidism, graft rejection, immunologic diseases, and some drugs such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone blockers, and calcineurin inhibitors. RTA can lead to serious complications as is the case of muscle protein catabolism, muscle protein synthesis inhibition, renal osteodystrophy, renal damage progression, and anemia promotion. RTA should be treated by suppressing its etiologic factor (if it is possible), avoiding hyperkalemia, and/or supplying bicarbonate or a precursor (citrate). In conclusion: Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis of renal origin is a relatively frequent complication in kidney transplantation patients, which can be harmful, and should be adequately treated in order to avoid its renal and systemic adverse effects.

Background The presence of phenolic acids in edible products for human consumption is considered in relation to the production of odorant substances, with a variety of different aromas. Objective Phenolic substances anthocyanidins, anthocyanins, flavanols, flavones and isoflavones, flavones, flavonols, etc. – are extremely interesting as flavor additives, anti-aging or maturing agents, and color and aroma enhancers. Method The connection between flavoring properties on one hand and the presence of phenolic compounds on the other can be discussed in terms of food acceptance by consumers, especially with relation to the “Mediterranean Diet” lifestyle. Results The health perspectives of these and other food products related to Mediterranean Diet should be evaluated in the geographical ambit of the Mediterranean Basin, including several particular food and vegetable preparations – herbs and medicinal plants - of the Middle East. Conclusions The aim of this paper is to give a presentation on these specialties in relation to Jordan. Highlights Medicinal herbs have interesting health properties against digestive problems, parasitic worms, liver diseases, diabetes, skin problems, nervous, cardiocirculatory, and respiratory diseases.

The interest in polyphenols from vegetable sources has been progressively increased because of the demonstrated correlation between their abundance in certain foods or food preparations of traditional importance and heritage, and the answer of anti-inflammatory strategies in hospitalized patients in the presence of polypehnol-rich foods (as a complementary therapy). Consequently, research involving the accessory role of polyphenols as anti-tumoral aids have been carried out with the aim of finding new additional strategies. The purpose of this paper to evaluate the role of phenolic compounds in foods with reference to health effects for human beings. The importance of these molecules has been evaluated by the health and safety perspectives in terms of: fight to cardiovascular diseases; prevention of chronic-degenerative disorders; general antioxidant properties; and anticarcinogenic features. Moreover, the role of polyphenols-rich foods as anticancer agents has been discussed with relation to two distinct “action plans” on the public hygiene level: the promotion of human health on the one side (for non-hospitalized and normal subjects), and reliable contrasting strategies in cancer patients.

Background Phenolic compounds (polyphenols) are common plant secondary metabolites playing different roles in plants, and some of these vegetables and correlated fruits—figs, grapes, pomegranates, olives, date palms, etc.—contain remarkable and diversified amounts of these substances. In addition, polyphenols are reported to show positive effects for human health, because of their antioxidant behavior. Figs are an excellent source of polyphenols with highest concentrations of proanthocyanidins. Actually, figs contain higher amounts of polyphenols than red wine and tea. Objective Antioxidant activity of several flavonoids (a group of polyphenols) in figs is higher than that of, vitamin C, glutathione, or vitamin E. Pomegranates contain very high levels of polyphenols as compared to other fruits and vegetables. It is used in folklore medicine for the treatment of various diseases, such as hepatic damage, snakebite, ulcer, etc. Method The health-positive potential of pomegranate fruit has been mainly attributed to ellagitannins, the predominant class of phenolics in pomegoxidation. Results The chief phenolic compound found in fresh olive is the bitter secoiridoid oleuropein.. Conclusions Processing of table olive decreases levels of oleuropein with correlated increases in the hydrolysis of hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol. Many of the health benefits reported for olives are thought to be associated with the levels of hydroxytyrosol. Date palm represents a staple food in most of the Arabian countries and is commonly consumed in several parts of the world. Highlights Numerous researches revealed the antibacterial, anti-hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, antimutagenic, and nephroprotective activity of date fruits, with reported anticancer and anti-fungal features.