The destruction of the space shuttle Challenger was a tremendous blow to American space policy. To what extent was this loss the result of organizational factors at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration? To discuss this question analytically, we need a theory of organizational reliability and agency behavior. Martin Landau's work on redundancy and administrative performance provides a good starting point for such an effort. Expanding on Landau's work, I formulate a more comprehensive theory of organizational reliability that incorporates both type I and type II errors. These principles are then applied in a study of NASA and its administrative behavior before and after the Challenger accident.

The strategic role of education as a lever for growth and socioeconomic development is now an international consensus. In addition to the democratization of access to education, it is mister ensure a quality education that prepares citizens to act as a critical and participatory social life, enabling them to enter and stay in a job market in flux. Many universities and teachers are struggling to keep the changes which has led to debates and publications on education, discussing both the urgent need for reformulation of educational projects, and training, performance and development of those who teach it. In this sense, the ability to use technology as a pedagogical tool appears as a promising way, both the intention of achieving educational goals, as well as to meet the interests and needs of teachers and students, as the market demand.The present study consists of a production technology applied research, which aimed to develop and evaluate a distance learning course Pedagogical Training for Nursing Faculty. The development methodology of the course was based on the model based on the Addie and grounded in Instructional Design Contextualized (DIC) and was based on the pedagogical framework of Lev Vygotsky, Pierre Levy, John Dewey. The central theme of the course was divided into 10 learning units with 30 hours each, all sequential and complementary.The course was evaluated by twelve experts in the areas of distance education, nursing and education, based on three dimensions: pedagogical, technological and communication. Overall the course was rated by experts as highly satisfactory and satisfactory in 251 (95%) of items, which made suggestions for improvements. It was concluded that the proposal of this specialization course will enable the training of nursing faculty through a dynamic and collaborative learning, promoting a reflective know-how with the use of information and communication technologies to meet the real needs of the nursing degree.

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RESUMOEste artigo teve o objetivo de realizar uma reflexão acerca da teoria de Vygotsky no processo de construção do conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem. Na abordagem vygotskyana, o homem é visto como alguém que transforma e é transformado nas relações que acontecem em uma determinada cultura, caracterizado por uma interação dialética desde o nascimento entre o ser humano e o meio social e cultural em que se insere. A proposta do construtivismo encaixa-se nesse contexto, pois busca explicar como se modificam as estratégias de conhecimento do indivíduo no decorrer da sua vida. As ideias construtivistas preconizadas por Vygotsky podem representar um método alternativo para os estudos teórico-práticos na área da saúde, especialmente quanto à dimensão subjetiva do processo de trabalho junto à equipe de enfermagem. DESCRITORES Educação em enfermagem Conhecimento Aprendizagem ABSTRACTThis article reflects on Vygotsky's theory of knowledge construction by nursing professionals. In the Vygotskian approach, persons are seen as agents who transform and are transformed by the social relationships of a particular culture, or more specifically by the life-long dialectical interaction of human beings and their social and cultural environments. The theory of constructivism seeks to explain the modification of an individual's knowledge strategy throughout his or her life. The constructivist ideas advocated by Vygotsky may represent an alternative method for theoretical and practical health studies, particularly in relation to the subjective dimension of nursing staff collective work. DESCRIPTORS Education, nursing Knowledge Learning RESUMENEste artículo tuvo como objetivo realizar una reflexión de la teoría de Vygotsky en el proceso de construcción del conocimiento de los profesionales de enfermería. En el enfoque de Vygotsky, el hombre es visto como alguien que transforma y es transformado en las relaciones que se producen en una determinada cultura, que se caracteriza por una interacción dialéctica desde el nacimiento entre el ser humano, el medio social y cultural al que pertenece. La propuesta del constructivismo se inscribe en este contexto, ya que trata de explicar cómo se modifican las estrategias de conocimiento del individuo a lo largo de su vida. Las ideas constructivistas preconizadas por Vygotsky pueden representar un método alternativo para los estudios teóricos y prácti-cos en materia de salud, especialmente en lo que se refiere a la dimensión subjetiva del proceso de trabajo con el equipo de enfermería. DESCRIPTORESEducación en enfermería Conocimiento Aprendizaje

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar o processo de construção da identidade docente na perspectiva do passado, presente e futuro na formação de professores de enfermagem por meio da integração de tecnologias digitais. Método Pesquisa descritivo-exploratória, vertente qualitativa, consolidada na aula presencial “Construção da Identidade Docente” em 2012. Das atividades síncronas e assíncronas, quatro foram analisadas por meio da análise de conteúdo. Resultados No Chat identificaram-se marcas positivas e negativas e a reflexão da construção da própria identidade (seis categorias); no “Túnel do tempo” a projeção da futura identidade (quatro categorias); no “portfólio” a percepção da própria identidade (quatro categorias) e na avaliação da aula, a percepção das experiências vivenciadas na aula (duas categorias). Conclusão A integração das tecnologias digitais favoreceu a discussão e compreensão dos licenciandos, de maneira colaborativa, acerca de como sua identidade é construída e a projeção de sua futura identidade alinhada ao perfil e ao papel do professor exigidos na contemporaneidade.